AFebJr0uYryT^897m•}    Literature  Relating  to  Pharmacy.  113 
grove  has  usually  a  geometrical  appearance  which  is  unsatisfactory, 
but  this  appearance  is  very  much  modified  by  the  lemons,  which 
break  the  lines  in  all  directions.  There  is  a  legend  which  most 
people  firmly  believe,  that  the  grafting  of  a  second  fruit  on  the  parent 
stem  materially  alters  the  type  and  quality,  not  only  of  the  original 
fruit,  but  also  of  the  graft,  and  it  is  sometimes  gravely  asserted  that 
"  blood  oranges  "  are  obtained  by  grafting  the  pomegranate  on  to 
the  orange.  This,  says  the  Consul,  is  a  complete  fallacy.  Both 
fruits  retain  their  original  quality,  and  neither  borrows  anything  from 
the  other.  There  is  thus  no  difference  between  the  lemons  grown 
in  the  orange  grove  from  those  grown  in  the  grove  where  lemons 
alone  are  cultivated. — Pharmaceutical  Journal,  October  17,  18 q6. 
DETERMINATION  OF  THEOBROMINE  IN  CACAO.     (Eminger,  in 
Forschungsberichte,  1896,  275.) 
The  author  first  extracts  vegetable  fat  by  digesting  10  grammes 
of  the  finely  powdered  material  with  1 50  parts  of  petroleum 
spirit ;  the  residue  is  then  dried  and  a  weighed  portion  boiled  for 
about  half  an  hour,  or  until  the  formation  of  cacao-red  is  completed, 
with  100  cubic  centimetres  of  dilute  sulphuric  acid  (3-4  per  cent.) 
in  a  flask  fitted  with  a  reflux  condenser.  The  contents  of  the  flask 
are  then  turned  into  a  beaker  and,  whilst  hot,  exactly  neutralized 
with  the  calculated  quantity  of  baryta ;  the  whole  is  evaporated  to 
dryness  with  some  sand,  and  the  residue  extracted  in  a  Soxhlet 
apparatus  with  150  parts  of  chloroform  for  five  hours;  the  chloro- 
form is  then  distilled  off  and  the  residue  dried  at  1000  C.  This 
residue  is  then  washed  with  not  more  than  1 00  cubic  centimetres  of 
carbon  tetrachloride,  which  dissolves  the  fat  and  caffeine ;  the  theo- 
bromine, being  quite  insoluble  in  carbon  tetrachloride  at  1 8°  C,  is 
collected  on  a  filter,  dissolved  in  boiling  water,  the  solution  filtered 
and  evaporated  and  the  residue  weighed.  By  this  method  the 
theobromine  in  different  kinds  of  cacao  was  found  to  vary  from  1-05 
to  2-34  per  cent.,  and  the  caffeine,  from  005  to  0-36  per  cent. 
Theobromine  is  soluble  in  736-5  parts  of  water  at  1 8°  C,  in  136 
parts  at  100°  C,  in  818  parts  of  boiling  absolute  alcohol,  in  21,000 
parts  of  ether  at  170  C,  in  2,710  parts  of  boiling  chloroform,  and  in 
5,808  parts  at  180  C.  "Theobromine  begins  to  sublime  at  2200  C. 
without  melting,  whilst  caffeine  sublimes  at  1800  C.  and  begins  to 
melt  at  2200  C."    Theobromine  is  more  or  less  decomposed  if 
