158  Literature  Relating  to  Pharmacy.  {^mSS™- 
by  S.  S.  Bolivar,  an  Orinoco  trader.  The  beans  are  sent  to  Trinidad 
for  preparation  for  European  and  American  markets  ;  for  this  pur- 
pose they  are  conveyed  to  warehouses,  where,  under  customs  regu- 
lations, they  are  steeped  in  rum  for  a  certain  time,  and  are  then 
spread  on  the  floors  in  layers  9  to  12  inches  in  thickness,  to  undergo 
a  kind  of  fermenting  and  decaying  process,  during  which  white 
crystals  are  developed  on  the  outside  of  the  bean.  As  much  as 
;£ 30,000  worth  have  been  imported  and  reshipped  during  a  single 
year.  The  tree  grows  some  60  or  more  feet  high.  It  belongs  to 
the  Leguminosae  or  bean  family,  but  is  one  of  the  few  members  of 
this  order  that  produces  a  single-seeded  drupe-like  pod,  which  does 
not  open  at  maturity.  The  seed,  when  ripe,  so  soon  loses  its  vitality 
that  it  is  difficult  at  times  to  procure  supplies  for  raising  plants. 
A  SOLVENT  CAPABLE  OF  SEPARATING  CODEINE  FROM  MORPHINE. 
L.  Fouquet  (Jour,  de  Pharm.  et  de  Chim,t  [6],  5,  49)  has  found 
that  morphine  is  insoluble  in  anisol  in  the  cold,  and  only  slightly 
soluble  at  the  boiling  temperature.  Codeine,  on  the  contrary,  is 
soluble  in  the  same  solvent  cold,  and  its  solubility  rapidly  rises  with 
the  temperature  according  to  the  following  : 
Temperature.                              Morphine.  Codeine. 
90  Insoluble.  7*80  per  100,  by  weight. 
1 6°                                      "  15-28 
32°  
ioo°  o-95  per  100.  164*00  " 
1500  4*80 
These  investigations  were  made  with  a  very  pure  anisol,  boiling 
at  1500  C,  and  having  a  specific  gravity  of  0-991. 
Morphine  was  found  to  crystallize  in  beautiful,  colorless,  anhy- 
drous prisms  by  chilling  the  solution  made  in  boiling  anisol ;  these 
crystals  did  not  melt  at  1200,  like  the  hydrated  morphine,  but 
became  brown  at  2100,  and  were  converted  into  an  oily  black  liquid 
at  247  °. 
It  should  be  noted  that  the  solubility  of  the  codeine  is  increased 
by  crystallization  from  anisol ;  since  after  one  crystallization  the 
alkaloid  dissolves  in  the  proportion  of  1075  parts  per  100  at  the 
temperature  of  0°,  whereas  the  proportion  is  only  7-80  per  100  at 
90  with  the  codeine  of  commerce. 
The  author  concluded  that  he  could,  with  anisol,  effect  a  separa- 
