AmAp°rn?il>9b7arm'}       The  Shaddock  or  Grape  Fruit.  181 
THE  SHADDOCK  OR  GRAPE  FRUIT. 
By  J.  H.  Hart, 
Superintendent  of  Botanical  Department,  Trinidad. 
The  March,  1896,  number  of  the  American  Journal  of  Pharmacy 
is  especially  interesting  to  me,  and  as  I  am  a  twenty-one-years  resi- 
dent (constantly  employed  in  botanical  matters  in  the  West  Indies), 
I  venture  to  make  a  few  remarks  on  it.  As  a  rule  we  look  at  pict- 
ures before  the  reading  matter,  and  I  did  so  in  the  case  of  the  shad- 
dock paper.  Now,  as  I  know  the  plant,  the  illustration  No.  1  is 
certainly  not  a  shaddock,  but  a  grape  fruit,  or  forbidden  fruit, 
and  as  I  find,  page  123,  paragraph  4,  that  the  terms  grape  fruit  and 
shaddock  are  interchangeable,  this  may  explain. 
It  is  quite  true  that "  no  reliance  can  be  placed  upon  the  common 
names  of  plants  or  flowers,  etc.,  etc."  and  this  sentence  contains  the 
gist  of  the  whole  controversy  as  to  names. 
I  know  Jamaica  well,  having  resided  there  eleven  years,  and  know 
the  districts  of  Macfadyen  well,  and  the  fruits  in  them. 
The  home  (English)  botanist,  however,  makes  the  citron,  lemon 
and  lime  one  species.  Macfadyen  made  them  three ;  and  various 
other  changes,  etc.  The  true  fact  is,  no  two  men  can  see  alike.  If 
asked  to  classify  the  citrus  tribe,  I  should  make  Citrus  medica  in- 
clude all  the  lemons  and  limes  and  their  hybrids,  which  are  legion. 
I  should  let  Citrus  aurantium  represent  the  orange  of  the  St. 
Michael's  type  (sweet  orange),  with  all  its  varieties,  and  I  would  let 
Citrus  decumana  cover  all  the  shaddocks,  grape  fruit,  or  pumelows, 
etc.,  and  their  varieties,  which  are  also  very  numerous.  Citrus  nobilis, 
or  the  tangerine  and  mandarin  (also  interchangeable  names),  appear 
to  maintain  themselves  fairly  distinct.  These  oranges  are  sometimes 
called  "  Portugal  oranges"  in  Trinidad.  We  have  one,  however, 
imported  from  Grenada,  W.  I.,  that  approaches  the  grape  fruit  in 
size ;  at  the  same  time,  I  recognize  intermediate  varieties  between 
many  of  those  mentioned. 
We  have  a  sweet  lime,  a  fruit  with  an  orange  skin,  with  a  lime 
flesh,  but  with  a  distinct  mixture  of  orange  and  lime  in  flavor.  We 
have  a  lime,  larger  than  a  lemon,  with  none  of  the  characters  of  a 
lemon.  There  is  a  sweet  orange  called  the  bergamot  in  Jamaica, 
which  is  very  clear  and  distinct  from  that  I  recently  received  from 
Italy  as  bergamot ;  and  unless  we  agree  to  adopt  special  Horticul- 
