262 
Examination  Questions. 
Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
May,  1897. 
VlOLA  TRICOLOR,  L.,  IN  MORPHII,OGISCHER,  ANATOMISCHER   UND  BIOI,0- 
GISCHER  BeziEhung.  Vou  Henry  Kraemer.  Universitats-Buchdurckere's 
von  Jh.  Aug.  Koch,  Marburg,  German)-,  1897. 
Professor  Kraemer  has  carefully  worked  out  the  life  history  of  this  interest- 
ing plant,  and  at  the  same  time  has  added  to  the  value  of  the  work  by  an  elab- 
orate series  of  illustrations.  The  results  are  presented  in  twelve  sections,  the 
last  being  a  short  account  of  what  is  known  at  the  present  time  of  the  chem- 
istry of  the  plant.  As  pointed  out  by  earlier  investigations,  salicylic  acid  is 
the  most  interesting  compound ;  it  exists  partly  as  a  methyl  salicylate,  and 
partly  in  combination  with  various  inorganic  salts.  A  valuable  biblio- 
graphical index  completes  the  work. 
On  the  Constituents  of  the  Sap  of  the  "Silky  Oak,"  Grevillea 
Robusta,  R.  Br.,  and  the  presence  of  Butyric  Acid  therein.  By  Henry 
G.  Smith,  F.C.S.  Read  before  the  Royal  Society  of  New  South  Wales,  October 
7,  T896.  In  a  previous  communication  on  the  timber  of  this  tree,  the  author, 
in  conjunction  with  J.  H.  Maiden,  has  pointed  out  the  presence  of  a  deposit  of 
aluminum  succinate.  Now,  having  demonstrated  the  presence  of  butyric  acid 
in  the  sap,  he  is  led  to  believe  that  the  succinic  acid  is  derived  from  butyric 
acid  by  natural  oxidation  in  the  tree. 
The  Dyeing  Properties  of  Aromadendrin  and  of  the  Tannins  of 
Eucalyptus  kinos.  By  Henry  G.  Smith,  F.C.S.  Reprint  from  the  Journal 
of  the  Society  of  Chemical  Industry,  November  30,  1896. 
Ueber  FlechtensToffe.  Von  Dr.  O.  Hesse.  Reprint  from  Berichte  d. 
deut.  chem.  Gesellschaft,  30,  357. 
EXAMINATION   QUESTIONS   OF   THE  PHILADEL- 
PHIA COLLEGE  OF  PHARMACY,  1896-97. 
FIRST  YEAR  EXAMINATION. 
PHARMACY. 
A — Crystallization.  (1)  Describe  the  method  of  obtaining  crystals  by  depo- 
sition from  supersaturated  solution.  (2)  Define  pellicle.  (3)  Water  of  crys- 
tallization. (4)  Interstitial  water.  (5)  Efflorescence.  (6)  Deliquescence.  (7) 
Mother  liquor.    (8)  What  is  intermediate  crystallization  ? 
B — Syrups.  (1)  Define  syrups.  (2)  Name  five  methods  for  official  syrups. 
(3)  What  kind  of  sugar  is  best  adapted  for  making  syrups,  and  give  the  reasons 
for  preferring  this  kind  of  sugar.  (4)  Describe  a  method  of  preserving  fruit 
juices  in  bottles,  and  state  the  causes  which  lead  to  the  decomposition  of  solu- 
tions containing  organic  matter,  if  not  protected. 
CHEMISTRY. 
C — Halogen  Group.  (1)  Enumerate  the  elements  belonging  to  the  Halogen 
group,  and  briefly  describe  the  physical  appearance  of  each  of  them.  (2)  Give 
the  formulas  of  their  hydrogen  compounds,  and  state  which  of  them  are  official 
compounds.  (3)  Write  a  chemical  reaction  for  the  production  of  one  of  these 
elements  and  a  chemical  reaction  for  the  production  of  one  of  the  hydrogen 
compounds  above  mentioned. 
D — Phosphorus.    (1)  Describe  the  element  phosphorus  in  its  several  forms 
