Am.  Jour.  Pharm.  1 
May,  1897.  / 
Examination  Questions. 
265 
cells.  (3)  In  what  parts  of  an  ordinary  tree,  such  as  the  elm,  for  example,  does 
meristem  occur?  (4)  State  how  the  wall  of  an  ordinary  parenchyma  cell, 
that  of  an  ordinary  epidermal  cell,  and  that  of  an  ordinary  wood  fibre  differ 
from  each  other  in  their  chemical  and  physical  properties. 
M—The  Structure  of  Stems,  Roots  and  Leaves.  (5)  In  what  respect  does 
the  growing  tip  of  a  Fern  stem  differ  from  that  of  a  Dicotyl  stem?  (6) 
What  three  layers  are  recognizable  at  the  growing  tip  of  a  Dicotyl  stem,  and 
into  what  regions  do  these  layers  develop,  respectively,  as  the  stem  matures? 
(7)  What  kind  or  kinds  of  vasal  bundles  are  characteristic  in  each  of  the  follow- 
ing organs  :  the  root  of  Sarsaparilla,  the  trunk  of  a  Pine,  the  stem  of  Ly co- 
podium,  the  rhizome  of  Aspidium,  and  the  stem  of  the  Pumpkin.  (8)  Define 
the  terms  centric,  bifacial,  and  iso-bilateral  as  applied  to  leaves. 
N—Root  and  Rhizome  Drugs.  (9)  Write  the  official  name,  the  common 
name,  the  natural  order,  botanical  name,  the  name  of  the  country  from  which 
derived,  the  most  important  chemical  constituent,  and  the  most  important 
medicinal  property  of  each  of  four  official  root-drugs.  (10)  Write  the  official 
names  of  two  root-drugs  which  contain  milk-tissue.  (11)  Name  two  official 
root-drugs  that  owe  their  activity  to  poisonous  alkaloids,  giving  also  the  name 
of  the  alkaloid  in  each  case.  (12)  Name  two  root  drugs  and  one  rhizome-drug, 
all  of  which  are  official  and  all  characterized  by  an  intensely  bitter  taste. 
O — Root  and  Rhizome  Drugs.  (13)  State  the  sources  of  each  of  the  follow- 
ing principles,  giving  the  official  name  of  the  drug  in  each  case  :  Leontin, 
Chelerythrine ,  Sylvacrol,  Atropine,  Chrysophan,  Emetine,  Pelosine,  Filicic 
Acid,  fervine,  and  Aristolochine .  (14)  Name  four  official  drugs  belonging  to 
the  groups  of  Roots  and  Rhizomes  that  are  powerful  narcotic  poisons.  (15) 
Describe  the  structure  of  Belladonna  Root.  (16)  Write  the  official  names  of 
each  of  the  following  drugs  :  Pinkroot,  Blue  Cohosh,  Mayapple,  Cranesbill 
and  Marshmallow. 
P— Barks,  Woods,  etc.  (17)  Name  three  official  barks,  each  of  which 
possesses  three  layers,  and  three  others,  each  of  which  consists  of  the  inner 
layer  only.  (18)  What  official  bark  is  very  tough  and  flexible,  has  silky  bast- 
fibers,  is  very  sternutatory  when  powdered,  is  acrid  to  the  taste,  and  is  capable 
of  producing  a  blister  when  moistened  and  applied  to  the  skin?  (19)  Name 
two  official  barks  which  have  short  and  rigid  bast-fibers,  two  which  possess 
long  and  flexible  ones,  and  two  that  possess  none.  (20)  Name  an  official  bark 
that  is  febrifuge,  one  that  is  pectoral,  one  that  is  taenifuge,  one  that  is  cathartic, 
and  one  that  is  demulcent. 
SPECIMENS  FOR  RECOGNITION. 
(1)  Acidum  sulphurosum.  (2)  Plumbi  oxidum.  (3)  Sodii  hyposulphis. 
(4)  Alumen.    (5)  Plumbi  Acetas.    (6)  Belladonnas  radix.    (7)  Podophyllum. 
(8)  Aspidosperma  (Quebracho).  (9)  Eriodictyon  (Yerba  Santa).  (10)  Stroph- 
antus. (11)  Pulvis  rhei  compositus.  (12)  Aqua  chloroformi.  (13)  Spiritus 
juniperi  compositus.     (14)  Emulsum  chloroformi.    (15)  Tinctura  calumbae. 
SENIOR  EXAMINATION. 
THEORY  AND  PRACTICE  OF  PHARMACY. 
Put  down  on  your  paper  all  the  figures  used  in  making  your  calculations. 
A — How  many  fluid  ounces  are  there  in  a  kilogramme  of  each  of  the  follow- 
