336 
California  Manna. 
Am.  Jour.  Pbarm. 
July,  1897. 
P.  164  of  J.  Ross  Browne's  Book,  loc.  cit.,  says,  as  bearing  on  our 
subject : 
"  In  some  parts  there  grows,  near  running  streams,  reed  grass,  of 
the  thickness  of  the  little  finger. 
"This  little  reed  is  the  only  plant  in  California  in  which 
manna  is  found.  At  the  present  time  there  are  large  growths  of 
this  imported  from  abroad." 
Biography  of  Francisco  Javier  Clavijero.  Taken  from  Biblio- 
theque  de  la  Compagnie  de  Jesus.  Tome  II,  Bruxelles  and  Paris, 
1891,  p  1210. 
Francisco  Javier  Clavijero,  born  in  Vera  Cruz,  on  the  9th  of  Sep- 
tember, 1 73 1.  Was  received  in  the  province  of  Mexico,  February 
13th,  1748.  He  taught  rhetoric  in  Mexico,  philosophy  at  Valla- 
dolid  and  at  Guadalaxara  in  New  Spain.  He  was  exiled  and 
depoited  to  Italy,  and  died  at  Bologna  April  2,  1787. 
Historia  de  la  Antigua  a  Baya  California.  Obra  posthuma  del 
padre  Francisco  Javier  Clavijero  de  la  compania  de  Jesus. 
[Note. — Some  time  after  this  paper  was  placed  in  the  hands  of 
Professor  Fluckiger,  the  following  information  was  found  in  the 
Lloyd  Library,  and  a  copy  at  once  forwarded  to  Prof.  Ed.  Schaer, 
Strasburg,  for  the  purpose  of  supplementing  the  present  paper. 
From  the  U.  S.  Agricultural  Report  for  1870,  Food  Products  of 
the  North  American  Indians,  p.  423,  "Bent  grass  (Arundo  phrag- 
mites)"  (which  is  a  synonym  for  Phragmites  communis,  Trim). 
"  This  species  of  reed,  which  grows  abundantly  around  St# 
Thomas,  in  southern  Utah,  during  the  summer  months,  produces  a 
kind  of  white,  sweet  gum.  The  Utah  Indians  cut  down  the  reeds 
and  lay  them  in  piles  on  blankets  or  hides,  and  let  them  remain  for 
a  short  time  to  wilt,  when  the  bundles  are  beaten  with  rods  to 
release  the  gum.  The  small  particles  so  detached  are  pressed  into 
balls  to  be  eaten  at  pleasure.    It  is  a  sweet,  manna-like  substance." 
In  the  returned  manuscript  we  find  a  foot-note  by  Professor 
Schaer,  giving  the  substance  of  the  foregoing  quotation,  which  Pro- 
fessor Fluckiger  had  gathered  from  the  same  authority  while  he 
was  in  Brooklyn.] 
SUMMARY. 
Sugar  and  two  kinds  of "  manna  "  are  described  in  Western  litera- 
ture. 
1st,  Sugar.    Sugar  was  derived  from  the  sugar  cane,  which  wa 
