Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
July,  1897. 
California  Manna. 
337 
introduced  into  Lower  California  at  least  one  hundred  years  ago. 
This  was  not  "  manna." 
2d,  Father  Picolo' s  Manna.  Father  Picolo  observed  a  saccharine 
deposit  on  a  species  of  grass  that  he  called  reeds  (roseaux)  and  not 
shrubs  (arbrisseaux)  as  Proust  recorded  the  word.  Of  the  plants 
likely  to  have  yielded  this  manna,  the  reed  grasses  only  are  to  be 
considered.  Of  the  reed  grasses,  Phragmites  communis  undoubtedly 
answers  all  the  conditions  that  are  cited  by  Father  Picolo,  and  in 
my  mind  this  plant  is  the  origin  of  Picolo's  Manna.  This  manna 
is  (or  was  recently)  still  collected  by  the  Indians. 
3d,  Manna  of  the  Pinus.  This  is  yielded  by  Pinus  Lambertiana  of 
Oregon,  and  is  cathartic  as  well  as  sweet,  but  no  evidence  exists  to 
indicate  that  Picolo  had  any  knowledge  of  its  existence. 
Finally,  I  would  decide  that  without  question  Father  Picolo 
described,  as  he  saw  it,  the  saccharine  deposit  on  Phragmites  com- 
munis, which,  according  to  Watson,  is  caused  by  aphides. 
REFERENCES  ON  THE  SUBJECT  OF  FATHER  PICOLO'S  MANNA. 
(1)  Proust,  Ann.  d.  Chimie,  57  (1806),  p.  145,  mentioning  Father  Picolo  and 
his  manna;  this  occurring  on  "arbrisseaux"  shrubs. 
(2)  Bibliotheque  des  Ecrivains  de  la  Compagnie  de  Jesus,  Liege  &  Lyon,  1872, 
p.  1957.    Biography  of  Father  Picolo,  and  mentioning  his  "  Memoir." 
(3)  Lettres  edifianles  et  curieuses,  ecrites  des  Missions  Hrangeres,  in  47  vol- 
umes, containing  the  letters  of  the  Jesuit  missionaries  from  about  1650-1750. 
Translated  from  the  Spanish,  Vol.  V,  p.  264.  Containing  the  memoir  of  Father 
Picolo,  mentioned  under  2  in  French,  manna  occurring  on  "roseaux"  reeds. 
(4)  W.  I.  Kip,  Historical  Scenes  from  the  old  Jesuit  Missions,  New  York, 
I875,  p.  50.  Containing  the  "memoir"  of  Father  Picolo,  literally  translated 
into  English. 
(5)  U.  S.  Dispensatory,  seventeenth  edition,  Philadelphia,  1894,  p.  850.  On 
American  False  Manna.  From  Pinus  Lambertiana,  Sugar  Pine.  Points  to 
Reference  No.  6. 
(6)  WiivKES,  Narrative  of  the  U.  S.  Exploring  Expedition,  Philadelphia, 
1850,  Vol.  V,  p.  232.  On  Pinus  Lambertiana.  The  sugar  has  strongly  cathar- 
tic properties. 
(7)  John  S.  Newberry,  botanist  in  charge  of  the  U.  S.  Pacific  R.  R.  Sur- 
veys in  California  and  Oregon,  1855.  Botanical  Report,  p.  42.  Describing 
Pinus  Lambertiana  and  corroborating  statement  in  Reference  No.  6. 
(8)  J.  G.  Cooper,  botanist  in  charge  of  the  U.  S.  Pacific  R.  R.  Survey  Route 
near  the  47th  and  48th  parallels,  explored  by  I.  I.  Stevens,  1853-55.  Bola?iical 
Report,  No.  r,  p.  28.  Mentions  While  Maple,  Acer  macrophyllum,  as  contain- 
ing sugar  in  its  sap. 
(9)  Asa  Gray  and  others.  Botany.  Manna  grass,  sweet  principle  is  con- 
tained in  the  grain. 
(10)  SERENO  Watson,  botanist  in  charge  of  U.  S.  Geological  Exploration  of 
