412 
The  Normal  Urine. 
f  Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
\     August,  1897. 
several  years  made  careful  records  of  all  urine  analyses  with  due 
attention  to  the  age,  sex  and  health  of  the  individuals  supplying  the 
samples,  and  these  figures  (in  all  cases  compared  with  and  in  some 
cases  averaged  with  those  of  foreign  observers)  are  now  given  in 
the  following  table : 2 
The  Normal  Urine. 
Color  Pale  amber,  straw-yellow. 
Appearance  Clear  or  with  faint  cloud  of  mucus. 
Odor  "Aromatic." 
Reaction  Acid.     Acidity  in  24  hours  equivalent  to 
2-4  grammes  oxalic  acid. 
Specific  gravity  at  150  C.    .  .  Range  for  adults,  1  "015-1  '025. 
Averages:  Man,  1*020;  Woman,  roi8. 
Quantity  ....      ,  .  .  .  .  1 100-1600  c.c.  in  24  hours. 
Averages  :  Man,  1450  c.c.  (22  c.c.  per  kilo 
of  body-weight)  ;  woman,  1250  cc. 
A  verages  for  adults. 
Man.  Woman. 
Grammes 
per  kilo- 
Grammes 
gramme 
Grammes 
Normal  urine. 
urine  in 
of  body- 
urine  in 
Grammes. 
24  hrs. 
weight. 
24  hrs. 
45-0  -65-0 
6o*o 
0-91 
sy.o 
20  "o  -50*0 
34'o 
0-5I 
30*0 
0'3  -  0-8 
o*6 
0-009 
0-5 
0-4  -  1-3 
0-9 
0*014 
o*8 
0*4  -  ro 
07 
O'OIO 
06 
0*OOI-0*OIO 
0-005 
0'020-0'030 
0-025 
Glycero-phosphoric  acid  
0*0I0-0'020 
0015 
Propionic,  valeric,  caproic  and  buty- 
0*008-0*080 
0*040 
0'005-0"020 
O'OIO 
Sulphur  dioxide  in   ethereal  sul- 
0*090-0*500 
0-250 
Indoxyl  sulphuric  acid  (calculated  as 
0  005-0  019 
0*008 
0*001-0*008 
0-005 
2  Authors  consulted :  J.  Vogel,  I,oebisch,  Kerner,  Daiber,  Hammarsten,  Neubauer,  Pfliiger, 
Voit,  Salkowski,  I^iebermann,  Brieger,  Hoffmann,  Dragendorff,  Munk,  Hoppe-Seyler,  Yvon 
and  Berlioz,  Lebmann,  Uhle,  Ranke,  Furbringer,  Geschleiden,  Moritz,  von  Jacksch,  Planer 
and  Morin,  Magnier,  Robuteau,  Gautier,  Becquerel,  M6hu,  Halliburton,  Charles,  Parkes, 
Black,  Bence- Jones,  Tidy  and  Woodman,  Beale,  Parrot,  Breed,  Oliver,  Thudichum,  Weidner, 
Purdy,  Tyson,  Griiner,  Jaffe,  Rankin,  von  Franque,  Oppenheim  and  Meyer. 
