Am.  Jour.  Pharm.") 
August,  1897.  J 
The  Normal  Urine. 
413 
Averages  for  adults. 
Man. 
Grammes 
Normal  urine.      urine  in 
Grammes.  24  hrs. 
Paraoxyphenylacetic,  paraoxyphen- 
ylpropionic,  dioxyphenylacetic, 
and  paraoxyphenylglycollic  acids  0*010-0*030  0*020 
Bile  salts  o'o    -o*oio  0*008 
Urobilin,  urochrome,  etc.    ....   0*080-0*140  0*125 
Carbohydrates  0*014-0 '075  0*044 
(Reducing  power  of  normal  urine 
equivalent  to  an  average  of  three- 
tenths  of  one  per  cent,  glucose. ) 
Sarco-lactic,  succinic,  glycuronic  and 
oxaluric  acids,  acetone,  inosite, 
cystin,  taurin,  urorubinogen,  uro- 
rubin,  pigment  of  Giacosa,  sca- 
toxylsulphuric  acid  (often  in  con- 
siderable amount),  scatoxylglycu- 
ronic  acid  ;  nephrozymase,  pepsin, 
and  other  ferments ;  pseudoxan- 
thine,  paraxanthine,  heteroxan- 
thine,  guanine,  adenine,  etc.;  py- 
rocatechin,  hydroquinone,  proto- 
catechuic  acid,  etc   traces  — 
Chlorine  5*0    -io*o  7*3 
Phosphorus  pentoxide  2*0-3*5  3*0 
Sulphur  tri oxide   1*5    -  3*0  2*2 
Potassium  oxide  2*5    -  3*5  3*0 
Sodium  oxide   .   4*0    -  6*o  4*5 
Ammonia  0*5    -  o*8  0*72 
Calcium  oxide  0*2    -  0*4  0*30 
Magnesium  oxide  0*3    -  0*5  0*40 
Iron  0*001-  0*010  0*007 
Silicic  acid,  carbonic  acid,  hydrogen 
peroxide,  nitrates,  nitrites  and 
metals  ;  e.g.,  manganese  and  cop- 
per .    traces  — 
Gases1  in  Normal  Urine. 
In  100  volumes 
of  gas. 
c.c. 
Carbon  dioxide  65*40 
Oxygen   2*74 
Nitrogen  31  *86 
100*00 
Chemical  Laboratory, 
Hahnemann  Medical  College,  Philadelphia. 
1  Morin,  after  Loebisch. 
Grammes 
per  kilo- 
gramme 
of  body- 
weight. 
O'lIO 
0*045 
0*033 
0*045 
0*068 
O'OIO 
0*0045 
0*0066 
Woman. 
Grammes 
iirine  in 
24  hrs. 
6-o 
2'5 
1*9 
2*8 
40 
o*6 
0*28 
o'35 
In  one  litre 
of  urine. 
c.c. 
I5'957 
0*658 
7  775 
24-390 
