AbmS; So™'}    Dose  Measures  and  Measured  Doses.  127 
tity  ot  water,  usually  one  tablespoonful.  The  glass  is  carefully 
marked  at  this  point,  then  another  tablespoonful  of  water  is  run  in, 
and  this  point  is  also  marked.  This  marked  glass  then  goes  to  the 
engraver,  who  cuts  the  graduations  in  at  the  points  that  are  marked, 
and  then,  either  promiscuously  or  according  to  some  fixed  rule,  the 
intervening  space  is  marked  off  and  graduated  to  represent  the  frac- 
tional parts  of  a  tablespoonful.  The  glasses  from  4  to  9  are 
examples  of  this  style  of  measure  and  fairly  represent  the  short- 
comings of  this  method  of  graduating  glasses.  The  third  method 
of  graduating  plain  glasses  appears  to  be  by  the  rule  of  thumb,  and 
consists  simply  of  putting  on  the  outside  of  the  glass  the  requisite 
markings  according  to  some  fixed  scale  or  pattern.  This  style  of 
graduation  is  always  readily  recognized,  the  lines  are  always  in  the 
same  relative  positions,  regardless  of  any  variation  or  difference  in 
the  shape,  size,  or  thickness  of  the  glass  itself.  Numbers  1  and  2 
are  samples  of  this  style  of  graduations. 
The  variations  that  exist  in  some  of  the  other  medicine  measures 
are  shown  in  Table  No.  4.    Among  these  we  have  the  porcelain 
Table  No.  4. — CAPACITY  OF  OTHER  MEDICINE  MEASURES. 
3'5 
7-2 
14-2 
6-5 
148 
4-0 
6-o 
16  0 
medicine  spoon,  referred  to  before,  as  being  a  type  of  an  early 
attempt  to  replace  spoons  by  some  more  accurate  means  of  measur- 
ing. 
Recently  a  pressed  glass  graduated  spoon  has  been  put  on  the 
market.  As  a  measure  this  has  no  advantages  over  the  porcelain 
spoon  just  referred  to,  and  it  would  appear  to  be  of  but  slight  use 
as  a  carrier  or  vehicle  with  which  to  administer  doses. 
Glass  medicine  spoons  have  been  used  to  some  extent,  but  these 
are  to  be  classed  among  the  most  variable  of  all  medicine  measures. 
A  review  of  this  portion  of  our  investigations  would  appear  to 
bring  out  the  fact  that  these  medicine  measures  vary  as  much  as  Jo 
per  cent,  at  the  teaspoonful  mark;  this  graduation  should  really  be 
the  most  accurate,  as  medicines  that  are  given  in  teaspoonful  quan- 
tities are  necessarily  more  active  than  those  given  in  larger  amounts, 
so  that  a  variation  at  the  lower  mark  would  appear  to  be  of  relatively 
more  importance  than  the  same  variation  at  the  graduations  for 
larger  quantities. 
