140 
Recent  Drug  Adulterations, 
j  Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
I      March,  1902. 
as  high  as  possible,  because  this  is  frequently  the  basis  of  a  pur- 
chase. With  this  object  in  view,  he  diligently  seeks  to  add  some 
material  which  will  bring  up  the  ester  content  of  an  inferior  oil. 
This  he  has  found  in  bi-hydrochloride  of  terebinthin,  or  other 
products  resulting  by  the  action  of  hydrochloric  acid  gas  on  turpen- 
tine. These  chloro-derivatives  are  decomposed  when  submitted  to 
the  usual  alcoholic  potash  saponification  process,  and  consequently 
the  apparent  quantity  of  ester  is  increased. 
From  5  to  10  per  cent,  of  these  chloro  compounds  when  added  to 
oil  of  bergamot  are  sufficient  to  raise  the  indicated  per  cent,  ot 
linalyl  acetate  without  materially  disturbing  the  normal  properties 
of  the  oil,  as  is  clearly  shown  by  the  examination  of  a  number  of 
commercial  samples  of  oil  of  bergamot  which  contained  the  above 
chloronated  turpentine  compound. 
Specific  Gravity  Opt.  Rot.  at  200  C.  Per  Cent. 
No.                                      at  1 50  C.  in  a  2  cm.  tube.  of  Ester. 
i  0*882  +io*5°  36*05 
2  0*8817  +  8°  3675 
3  o-88io  -f  6°  36-40 
It  will  seen  from  the  above  figures  that  these  oils  are  normal  in 
every  respect;  nevertheless, they  were  all  adulterated  with  from  5  to 
10  per  cent,  of  this  artificial  chlorine  product.  The  presence  of  this 
impurity  is  not  very  easy  to  detect,  and  the  above  writer  recom- 
mends the  following  process:  Boil  several  grammes  of  the  suspected 
011  with  alcoholic  potash,  evaporate  gradually,  and  then  calcine  so 
as  to  get  rid  of  the  organic  matter  ;  treat  the  resulting  residue  with 
distilled  water,  filter  and  test  the  filtrate  for  chlorides  in  the  usual 
way. 
HONEY  ADULTERATED  WITH  SUCROSE. 
Recently  a  sample  of  honey  was  examined  by  the  writer  with 
the  following  results:  Specific  gravity  at  150  C,  1-354,  acid 
reaction;  pollen  grains,  none;  moisture,  24^  per  cent. ;  ash,  0-21 
per  cent. ;  optical  rotation,  direct,  -f-  gy2  divisions  sugar  scale,  at 
25 0  C. ;  optical  rotation  after  inversion,  — 1 1  -6  divisions  on  the 
sugar  scale,  at  250  C.  ;  reducing  sugar  direct,  54  per  cent. ;  reducing 
sugar  after  inversion,  63-50  per  cent. 
The  above  figures  all  indicate  the  presence  of  added  cane  sugar. 
The  dextro-rotatory  power  of  the  honey  was  apparently  ample  to 
decide  that  it  contained  cane  sugar,  -because,  as  yet,  we  have  no 
