Am.  Jour.  Pharm. ) 
July,  1902.  j 
Blood  Examination. 
351 
cystitis  and  gonorrhea,  serous  and  purulent  non-tubercular  inflam- 
mations, such  as  pericarditis,  peritonitis,  conjunctivitis,  etc.,  gan- 
grenous inflammations  of  the  appendix,  lungs,  bowels,  mouth,  etc., 
and  many  inflammatory  skin  diseases. 
The  principal  toxic  leucocytoses  are  those  found  in  illuminating 
gas  poisoning,  quinine  poisoning,  uric  acid  diathesis,  rachitis,  acute 
yellow  atrophy  of  the  liver,  and  those  cases  of  hepatic  cirrhosis  as- 
sociated with  jaundice,  acute  gastrointestinal  disorders,  the  uremic 
state  of  cases  of  chronic  nephritis,  after  the  injection  of  tuberculin 
and  thyroid  extract,  after  intravenous  injection  of  normal  saline 
solution,  after  ingestion  of  the  salicylates. 
In  certain  diseases  leucocytosis  is  absent,  namely,  typhoid  fever, 
malaria,  most  cases  01  grippe,  measles,  mumps,  some  cases  of 
cystitis,  tuberculosis,  including  muary  tuberculosis  and  incipient 
phthisis  and  tubercular  inflammations  of  the  peritoneum,  pericar- 
dium, the  bones,  periosteum  and  pleura. 
A  lymphocytosis  is  an  increase  in  the  number  of  lymphocytes  in 
the  blood ;  the  remaining  forms  of  the  leucocytes  may  or  may  not  be 
increased  in  this  condition.  Its  principal  diagnostic  value  lies  in 
the  fact  that  it  is  ar  aid  to  us  in  obscure  syphilitic  disease,  and  also 
it  is  a  most  important  symptom  in  the  lymphatic  leukemia. 
Micro-organisms  are  found  in  the  blood  in  malaria,  as  the 
Plasmodium  malariae;  relapsing  fever,  its  spirillum;  elephanti- 
asis, the  Filiaria  sanguinis  hominis  ;  and  septicemia,  the  pyogenic 
micrococci. 
The  so-called  serum  reactions  are  the  phenomena  observed  when 
certain  bacteria  are  brought  in  contact  with  the  diluted  serum  of  a 
patient  suffering  from  the  disease  which  they  invariably  cause. 
This  reaction  consists  of  a  loss  of  their  motility  and  the  fact  that 
they  become  clumped  together  in  groups. 
The  most  important  diseases  in  which  these  reactions  occur  are : 
Typhoid  fever  (usually  after  the  tenth  day),  accomplished  by  a 
dilution  of  serum  in  the  strength  of  I  in  30  or  less. 
Bubonic  plague  (in  the  second  week)  with  a  dilution  of  1  in  10, 
and  an  increasing  dilution  as  the  disease  goes  on. 
Relapsing  fever  and  leprosy. 
