AmjJu°i?y'i902arm'}    Recent  Literature  Relating  to  Pharmacy.  353 
to  serve  for  a  reference  if  needed  when  reading  the  table  following  : 
A. — Name  of  the  protoplasms  or  enzymes. 
B—  The  effect  of  light  and  temperature. 
C.  — Injury  by  means  of  desiccation  and  treatment  with  alcohol. 
D.  — Consequences  of  a  separation  from  their  natural  admixtures. 
E.  — Acceleration  by  means  of  small  additions  of  salts,  acids,  etc. 
F.  — Injury  in  general  by  means  of  powerful  protoplasmic  poisons. 
G.  — Effect  of  acids  and  alkalies. 
H — Effect  of  various  antiseptics. 
A.  — Bacteria  and  fungi  protoplasm. 
B.  — Nageli  found  that  bacillus  subtilis  could  be  boiled  in  water 
for  eleven  hours  without  notable  injury.  In  a  vegetative  condition 
they  are  mostly  killed  by  a  temperature  of  55°-6o°  C.  Light  also 
injures  many  bacteria  (H.  Biichner). 
C.  — As  is  known,  spores  withstand  desiccation  for  a  long  time. 
D.  — Consumption  of  the  reserve  food  makes  the  protoplasm  more 
delicate. 
E.  — Small  additions  of  phosphates,  calcium  salts,  etc.,  act  as  nutri- 
ment, larger  amounts  (e.g.,  10  per  cent.)  are  injurious  and  produce 
osmosis  of  the  protoplasm.  A  feebly  alkaline  reaction  is  useful 
with  bacteria,  acid  reaction  with  fungi. 
F.  — The  bacilli  of  lactic  acid  are  injured  by  0*00 1  per  cent,  sodium 
fluoride  (Effront) ;  1  per  cent,  of  sodium  fluoride  absolutely  kills 
putrefactive  fungi.  Mercuric  chloride  o-i  per  cent,  is  a  sure  disin- 
fecting medium,  kills  immediately  upon  one  application  (R.  Koch)  ; 
0  02  per  cent,  is  usually  sufficient.  Formaldehyde  kills  all  fungi  in 
O  1  per  cent,  strength,  when  it  is  allowed  to  act  for  one  hour.  Silver 
nitrate  is  not  nearly  so  destructive  as  mercuric  chloride. 
G.  — Fungi  grew  in  acid  up  to  1  per  cent.  Most  bacteria  become 
sensitive  when  the  smallest  amount  of  acid  is  present ;  however,  the 
bacillus  of  anthrax  grew  in  a  1  per  cent,  solution  of  HC1  for  forty- 
eight  hours.    Bacteria  grow  in  feebly  alkaline  solutions. 
H.  — With  0-002  per  cent,  (saturated  solution)  of  oil  of  turpentine 
the  formation  of  mould  was  prevented ;  putrefaction  was  only 
retarded.  Carbolic  acid  1  :  850  prevented  the  germination  of 
anthrax  spores  (Koch)  and  meat-water  bacteria  (de  la  Croix).  Car- 
bolic acid  0-5  percent,  killed  the  anthrax  bacilli;  with  an  abun- 
dance of  a  5  per  cent,  solution  the  spores  were  not  entirely  killed. 
A. — Protoplasm  of  yeast  (Saccharomyces  and   others  con- 
