126 ON THE STATE OF PHARMACY IN POLAND. 
It is obvious, however, that, no reliance can be placed on 
the results, on account of the minute quantities of the sub- 
stances operated on. — Pharm. Journ. 
ART. XXV. — ON THE STATE OF PHARMACY IN POLAND. 
By Franz Sokolowsky. 
Although the Poles are groaning under a load of oppres- 
sion, and their literature is confined to their own country, 
their public institutions, in general, are excellent, worthy of 
imitation, and in accordance with the state of civilization in 
Europe in general, as may be proved by inspection of the 
Medical regulations relating to Pharmacy in Poland. 
I" the year 1S39, a General Direction of Medical Affairs 
with two sub-divisions, was instituted in Warsaw, by an 
order of the Emperor and King. The one division, the 
Medical Council, is engaged in scientific subjects, Institu- 
tions of Education, Examinations, &c; the other relates to 
medical police. Under this central direction are four medi- 
cal inspectoria ; so that for every two governments an in- 
speciorium exists, constituted of three Physicians, one As- 
sessor of Pharmacy, and one Assessor of Veterinary 
Medicine. 
The whole range of Pharmacy is under the control of this 
General Board of Directors. 
1. Scientific Eclat ons. — As a preliminary condition to 
being articled to a Pharmaceutist, the youth must have gone 
through the fourth class of a public school, and pass an ex- 
amination before the medical inspectorium, to show his 
sufficiency in languages and natural philosophy. When he 
has passed this examination, he is during three or four years 
