128 ON THE STATE OF PHARMACY IN POLAND. 
and the prescription itself numbered according to the apo- 
thecaries' book (protocol). On the white or red label 
(according as the medicine is for external or internal use) 
must be marked (besides the directions for use) the number 
in the book, the name of the patient and that of the medi- 
cal man, the signature of the assistant who made up the 
prescription, the price, and the date. On the back of the 
label, a copy of the prescription, which remains in the apo- 
thecaries shop, must be written out. Every medicine is to 
be sent out sealed. Every shop is visited once a year by 
the Director General himself, or an inspector, aided by the 
Assessor of Pharmacy. The books of business, which are 
on these occasions rigidly inspected, are — 1, the protocol, or 
prescription-hook; 2, the book of sale over the counter; 
3, the laboratory ledger; 4, the stock-book ; 5, the poison- 
book; 6, the journal of correspondence with medical or 
other authorities. The central council publishes every year 
a list of all Physicians and Apothecaries in the kingdom, 
and a list of prices according to the fluctuations of the mar- 
ket, calculated by the medical authorities. Every Apothe- 
cary is regarded and treated as a servant of the state, and 
every shop as a government institution. After a series of 
years, the Apothecary is pensioned as a servant of the state, 
or in case of offence punished as such. Every Apothecary 
is exempt from billet or taxation. Every Pharmaceutist, 
from the apprentice upwards, is exempt from military ser- 
vice. Christians are alone permitted to enter on a Phar- 
maceutical apprenticeship. The number of Apothecaries 
is strictly regulated in accordance with the population, so 
that the establishment of a new shop is only allowed in ex- 
traordinary cases, and then merely when the authorities of 
that district, and all Apothecaries within twenty-four miles 
of that place, consider the institution of a new shop impe- 
ratively necessary. 
The supply of crude materials the Apothecary may draw 
from the country or from abroad, but all preparations he 
