VARIOUS METHODS OF ANALYSING ASHES. 
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liquid is mixed with oxalic acid ; and if this produce a precipi- 
tate of oxalate of lime, it is collected upon a niter, dried and 
calcined, and so the amount of lime found. The liquid filtered 
from the oxalate of lime is now mixed with some chloride of bari- 
um, the precipitate of oxalate, sulphate and phosphate of baryta 
collected upon a filter, dried and calcined, then dissolved in dilute ni- 
tric acid, when the sulphate of baryta, if any be present, is left 
behind, and from its amount the quantity of sulphuric acid is cal- 
culated. After removal of the sulphate of baryta, a slight excess 
of ammonia is added to the acid liquor, the whole set aside for some 
time; and in case any phosphate of baryta is deposited, it is col- 
lected, dried and calcined, and the phosphoric acid calculated ac- 
cording to the formula BaO +2PO s f proposed by Wackenroder. 
There is still the potash and soda to determine in the liquid filter- 
ed from the oxalate, sulphate and phosphate of baryta. The bary- 
ta still contained in the liquid is removed with pure carbonate of 
ammonia, the liquid filtered from the carbonate of baryta evapo- 
rated to dryness in a porcelain dish, and the residue heated to a 
faint red in a platinum crucible. The residue of alkaline chlorides 
is dissolved in water, and the potash precipitated from the solu- 
tion with chloride of platinum ; the liquid filtered from the potassio- 
chloride of platinum is then examined for soda. The author how- 
ever has, like other chemists, found no soda in inland plants. 
II. This consists in the examination of the aqueous extract of 
the ash obtained by incinerating the charred mass after exhaustion 
with water. The charcoal is reduced to ash in a Hessian crucible 
having a slanting position, the ashes weighed, exhausted with hot 
water eight or ten times, when from 250 to 300 grms. of aqueous 
extract are obtained from 2 to 3 grms. of ash; these are divided 
into five or six parts. One part is acidified with nitric acid, mixed 
with solution of silver, and the chlorine determined from the 
weight of chloride of silver, and then calculated from the whole of 
the aqueous extract of the ash. A second portion is acidified with 
nitric acid, and then mixed with an excess of ammonia to obtain 
the silica ; in general but mere traces are separated. A third 
likewise weighed portion of extract is mixed with chloride of bari- 
um, and the precipitate, if any form, collected, calcined and weigh- 
ed ; then dissolved in dilute nitric acid ; and in case any insoluble 
sulphate of baryta remain, it is collected, and from its weight the 
