Aja1fuarryri904rm'}        Gardens  of  Medicinal  Plants.  25 
Paris  gardens  and  is  the  one  potent  factor  in  developing  the  agricul- 
tural, horticultural  and  general  botanical  resources  of  the  British 
Empire.  The  third  largest  botanic  garden  in  the  world  is  the  New 
York  Botanic  Garden,  in  Bronx  Park,  New  York  City,  established 
in  1 891.  It  is  liberally  endowed  and  well  equipped  with  every  means 
for  botanical  research  and  investigation.  Substations  are  being 
established.  The  management  has  just  secured  the  control  of  the 
Cinchona  station  of  Jamaica.  Dr.  N.  L.  Britton,  the  director- in- 
chief,  and  Dr.  D.  T.  McDougall,  the  associate  director,  have  already 
developed  the  economic  and  scientific  features  of  this  garden  to  a 
remarkable  degree.  This  garden  is"  now  about  to  undertake  the 
extensive  cultivation  of  medicinal  plants  under  the  direction  of  Dr. 
H.  H.  Rusby,  who  is  pre-eminently  qualified  to  undertake  this  work. 
Additional  gardens  of  great  scientific  and  economic  value  and 
wide  influence  are  those  of  Berlin,  Vienna,  Dublin,  Edinburgh, 
Palermo,  Naples,  St.  Petersburg  and  others.  Of  these  the  royal 
gardens  of  Berlin  and  Vienna  are  the  most  important  and  deserve 
special  mention  for  the  thorough  manner  in  which  they  are  managed 
and  maintained.  In  the  United  States  the  State  Experimental 
Stations  established  and  maintained  by  the  Government  and  work- 
ing under  the  direction  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture  at  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  are  doing  a  remarkable  work  in  combating  plant 
diseases,  developing  agricultural  and  horticultural  resources,  forming 
new  and  desirable  garden  and  field  varieties,  and  working  in  the 
interests  of  botany  in  general.  No  other  country  is  doing  as  much 
in  the  interests  of  agriculture.  Nor  must  one  forget  the  work  of 
the  experimental  stations  and  horticultural  societies  maintained  by 
state  appropriations. 
The  Paris  garden  above  referred  to  is  perhaps  the  largest  and  most 
complete  garden  of  medicinal  plants  in  the  world.  As  already 
stated,  some  medicinal  plants  are  grown  in  all  of  the  larger  eco- 
nomic gardens.  It  is  also  true  that  certain  medicinal  plants  are 
promiscuously  cultivated  on  an  extensive  scale  in  various  countries. 
For  example,  cinchona  in  India,  Java,  South  America ;  spices  in 
various  tropical  islands,  especially  those  belonging  to  Holland  and 
England;  cocoa  in  South  America;  saffron  and  licorice  in  Spain; 
rhubarb  in  Russia,  chamomile  in  Germany;  ginseng  in  the  United 
States  and  China;  tea  in  China  ;  ginger  in  Jamaica;  vanilla  in  Mex- 
ico, etc.    There  are  furthermore  gardeners  in  all  countries  who  de- 
