Some  Rare  Fixed  Oils. 
J  Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
\    Februarj\  1904. 
Direct  that  freshly  calcined  lime,  or  lime  that  has  been  carefully 
preserved  from  the  action  of  the  atmosphere  be  used,  and  that  it  be 
comparatively  free  ffom  carbonate. 
Indicate  a  minimum  as  well  as  a  maximum  content  of  calcium 
hydrate  and  call  attention  to  the  desirability  of  testing  lime  water, 
from  time  to  time,  with  a  view  of  keeping  it  within  the  prescribed 
standards. 
SOME  RARE  FIXED  OILS. 
By  Dr.  George  R.  Pancoast  and  Willard  Graham. 
There  are  a  number  of  fixed  oils  for  which  there  is  a  certain 
though  limited  demand  in  commercial  circles  and  which  for  various 
reasons  are  difficult  to  classify.    The  best  form  of  classification  is 
probably  the  one  based  on  the  method  of  preparation. 
Thus  these  oils  can  be  grouped  under  the  following  divisions: 
(1)  Oils  made  by  expression. 
(2)  Oils  made  by  extraction  with  volatile  solvents. 
(3)  Oils  made  by  infusion  with  fatty  solvents. 
(4)  Oils  obtained  as  by-products  in  pharmaceutical  manufac- 
turing. 
The  oils  made  by  expression  are :  Oils  of  walnuts,  hazelnuts, 
hickory  nuts,  pumpkin  seed,  larkspur  seed,  stramonium  seed. 
The  oils  made  by  extraction  with  volatile  solvents  such  as  alco- 
hol, ether,  benzin  and  acetone  are :  Oils  of  lobelia,  stillingia,  lark- 
spur, mullein,  also  in  many  cases,  the  oils  given  by  expression. 
The  oils  that  occur  as  by-products  in  the  manufacture  of  pharma- 
ceuticals are :  Oils  of  nux  vomica,  tonka,  ergot,  larkspur,  strophan- 
thus. 
The  oils  made  by  infusion  with  fatty  solvents  are  :  Oils  of  lobelia, 
belladonna,  stramonium,  hyoscyamus,  cantharides,  capsicum  ;  also 
many  of  the  oils  as  given  under  expression  and  extraction. 
The  method  used  in  making  the  oils  by  infusion  in  most  cases 
closely  resembles  the  formula  as  given  by  Dieterich  for  the  making 
of  oil  of  henbane. 
"  One  hundred  grammes  of  the  coarsely  powdered  drug  is  mois- 
tened with  75  c.c.  of  alcohol  and  2  c.c.  of  ammonia  water  and  gently 
packed  into  a  percolator  of  suitable  size ;  let  stand  over  night,  then 
add  600  c.c.  of  olive  oil  and  digest  for  12  hours.    The  oil  is  then 
