AFeb^nar'yTi™'}     Examination  of  Commercial  Peppers.  75 
the  extent  of  2-  3  per  cent.  The  perisperm  is  small  in  most  of  the 
grains,  therefore  the  hull  is  in  greater  proportion.  Two  samples  were 
examined : 
No.  Ash.      Ether  Extract.      Piperin.  Oleo-resin. 
1   3'9  8-44  5*i2  332 
2   3'8  8-83  5-61  3-22 
The  color  of  the  ether  extract  is  greenish-yellow. 
Lienburg  pepper  comes  from  Japan.  It  is  of  a  brown  color,  some 
of  the  grains  being  much  lighter  than  others,  and  some  almost 
black  ;  about  20  per  cent,  are  unwrinkled,  and  have  a  shiny  appear- 
ance; from  15-20  per  cent,  have  the  hull  knocked  off,  and  are  light 
brown  in  color;  pithy  grains  are  present  in  small  amount.  The 
grains  vary  in  size  considerably  from  the  puffed  up,  unwrinkled  ones 
to  the  pithy  and  wrinkled  ones;  stems  and  pedicels  are  almost 
entirely  absent.  Hull  is  present  in  quantity,  being  rubbed  off  from 
the  unwrinkled  berries,  upon  which  the  hull  is  very  soft  and  brittle. 
This  variety  is  used  by  some  manufacturers  for  the  decortication  of 
pepper,  but  it  does  not  give  nearly  so  fine  a  flavor  as  Tellicherry  or 
Trang.    The  diameter  is  2-6  mm.    Four  samples  were  examined  : 
No.  Ash.      Ether  Extract.      Piperin.  Oleo-resin. 
i   3*8  870  6-50  2-20 
2  .  .  .   4-0  9-48  6-28  3'20 
3   3'6  8-83  5-98  2-85 
4   4*o  878  6-31  2*47 
Average,  ash,  3*85;  ether  extract,  8*949  ;  piperin,  6*2675;  oleo-resin,  2*68. 
The  color  of  the  ether  extract  of  Nos.  1  and  2  was  brownish  ;  of  Nos.  3  and  4, 
reddish. 
Lampong  pepper  comes  from  the  Dutch  Presidency,  Sumatra. 
It  is  of  a  brownish  or  black  color,  having  a  dirty  appearance  from 
adhering  soil.  The  grains  are  all  about  the  same  diameter — 4-5 
mm.  Pithy  and  small  grains  are  present  to  the  extent  of  from 
5-1 5  per  cent.;  stems  and  pedicels  present  in  small  quantity; 
earth  and  hull  present  in  relatively  large  amount.  Five  to  ten 
per  cent,  of  the  berries  have  the  hull  removed,  and  are  of  a  dirty 
color.  The  hull  adheres  rather  strongly.  Four  samples  were 
examined : 
No.  Ash.      Ether  Extract.      Piperin.  Oleo-resin. 
1   5*  8*92  776  1*16 
2   5"5  10-31  8-30  2  01 
3  ..............  .  5-4  876  7-00  176 
4  •   5"2  9-58  7'28  2-30 
Average,  ash,  5*275  ;  ether  extract,  9*392  ;  piperin,  7*585  ;  oleo-resin,  1*8075  ; 
Ether  extracts  Nos.  1,  2  and  3  were  of  a  dark  green  ;  No.  4,  a  yellowish-green . 
