l62 
James  Smithson. 
Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
April,  1904. 
Dissolve  the  tinctures  and  oil  in  the  alcohol,  add  the  wine  and 
then  the  syrup.  Then  add  gradually,  with  agitation,  enough  dis- 
tilled water  to  make  1,000  c.c.  of  mixture.  Diffuse  10  grammes  of 
purified  talcum  through  the  liquid,  and  shake  it  occasionally  during 
four  to  seven  days ;  then  filter,  returning  the  first  portions  to  the 
filter  until  it  comes  through  clear. 
The  cost  of  this  elixir  will  be  but  slightly  greater  than  the  pres- 
ent official  formula.  In  a  number  of  trials,  six  oranges  of  fair  size, 
such  as  are  usually  sold  for  table  use,  have  made  100  to  120  c.c.  of 
tincture.  Six  lemons  will  average  to  give  75  to  100  c.c.  of  tincture. 
Thus,  three  average  oranges  and  one  lemon  will  suffice  for  a  gallon 
of  elixir,  so  far  as  the  fruit  is  concerned.  The  wine  replaces  a  part 
of  the  alcohol,  and  the  additional  cost  of  this  is  small,  while  the 
advantage  is  great.  And  above  all,  an  elixir  is  obtained  which  is 
really  redolent  of  orange,  and  in  which  the  average  person  will 
suspect  nothing  foreign. 
JAMES  SMITHSON.1 
By  WmiAM  B.  Marshau,. 
James  Smithson,  the  founder  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  was 
an  Englishman,  born  in  1 765.  Until  about  the  age  of  thirty- seven 
he  was  known  by  the  name  of  James  Lewis  Macie  (Macie  being  his 
mother's  name),  but  later  he  obtained  authority  to  change  his  name 
to  Smithson.  The  exact  date  of  the  change  is  not  known,  but  it 
seems  to  have  been  made  at  some  time  between  1794  and  1802.  In 
the  will  of  his  half-sister,  Dorothy  Percy,  dated  1794,  he  was  desig- 
nated as  Macie.  His  second  paper  before  the  Royal  Society  was 
read  November  18,  1802,  and  was  published  in  the  Philosophical 
Transactions  under  the  title  "  A  Chemical  Analysis  of  some  Cala- 
mines," by  James  Smithson,  Esquire. 
He  was  a  natural  son  of  the  first  Duke  of  Northumberland, 
formerly  Hugh  Smithson,  who,  upon  the  death  of  his  grandfather, 
in  1729,  succeeded  to  a  baronetcy  and  became  Sir  Hugh  Smithson. 
In  1749  Sir  Hugh  married  Elizabeth  Percy,  and,  later,  upon  becom- 
1  This  sketch  is  founded  upon,  and  largely  quotes  from,  a  paper  by  Samuel 
Pierpont  Longley  on  "James  Smithson,"  published  as  part  of  "The  Smith- 
sonian Institution,  1846-1896.  The  History  of  its  First  Half  Century.  Edited 
by  G.  Brown  Goode." 
