362  Teachers  of  Chemistry  in  America,  \^klllli?S™' 
nineteenth  century,  was  that  in  the  medical  department  of  Dart- 
mouth College,  New  Hampshire.  This  was  occupied  for  several 
years  by  Dr.  Lyman  Spalding,  who  was  elected  professor  of  chemis- 
try and  materia  medica  in  1798. 
Dr.  Spalding  was  closely  associated  in  later  years  with  the  origin 
and  successful  publication  of  the  first  United  States  Pharmacopoeia. 
It  was  Dr.  Spalding  who,  in  18 17,  submitted  to  the  New  York 
County  Medical  Society  a  project  for  the  formation  of  a  National 
Pharmacopoeia,  to  be  published  by  the  authority  of  the  medical  so- 
cieties and  medical  schools  in  the  United  States.  His  suggestion 
was  adopted,  and  he  was  subsequently  elected  one  of  the  delegates 
to  the  convention,  where  he  was  elected  a  member,  and  later 
chairman,  of  the  Committee  of  Publication,  thus  being  practically 
the  editor  of  the  first  United  States  Pharmacopoeia. 
After  the  beginning  of  the  nineteenth  century  chairs  and  teachers 
of  chemistry  increased  rapidly.  Of  medical  schools  alone,  Dr. 
James  Thacher,  in  his  "  History  of  Medicine  in  America,"  enumer- 
ates no  less  than  twenty  existing  in  the  United  States  in  1825. 
Few  of  the  then  professors  contributed  materially  to  advance  the 
science  of  chemistry.  By  far  the  greater  number  of  these  teachers 
were  actively  engaged  in,  or  more  interested  in,  the  practice  of  medi- 
cine than  in  chemical  research.  Notable  exceptions  were  Robert 
Hare,  professor  of  chemistry  in  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and 
Benjamin  Silliman,  of  Yale,  whose  achievements  in  this  particular 
field  are  so  well  and  so  favorably  known  that  it  will  not  be  necessary 
to  enumerate  them  at  this  time.  Another  notable  exception  that 
should  be  mentioned  was  Dr.  Parker  Cleaveland,  who  was  elected 
professor  of  chemistry  in  Bowdoin  College,  Maine,  in  1820,  and  who 
contributed  materially  to  advance  the  general  knowledge  of  chemical 
philosophy  of  his  time. 
The  first  quarter  of  the  nineteenth  century  also  saw  the  introduc- 
tion of  pharmaceutical  and  technical  schools.  The  first  of  these,  the 
Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy,  founded  in  1821,  elected  as  its 
first  professor  of  chemistry  Gerard  Troost,  a  particularly  able  and 
scholarly  man,  who  had  studied  chemistry  at  Leyden  and  was  well 
versed  in  the  theory  as  well  as  in  the  practice  of  the  science.  Troost 
subsequently  became  professor  of  chemistry  and  mineralogy  in  the 
University  of  Nashville.  At  the  Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy, 
he  was  followed  in  1822  by  Dr.  George  B.  Wood,  then  quite  a  young 
