Am.  Jour.  Pbarm.  ! 
September,  1904.  ) 
Anatomy  of  Edible  Berries. 
429 
during  the  spring  of  1902,  while  at  the  University  of  Graz,  Austria, 
at  the  suggestion  of  Professor  Moeller,  I  extended  the  investigation 
as  to  embrace  the  allied  fruits  grown  only  in  Europe. 
Twelve  were  investigated  in  America,  as  follows  : 
The  cultivated  strawberry  (Fragaria  Chiloensis  Ehrh.). 
The  American  field  strawberry  (F.  Virginiana  Duchesne). 
The  American  red  raspberry  [Rubus  strigosus  Michx.). 
The  black  raspberry  {R.  occidentalis  L.). 
The  blackberry  [R.  nigrobaccus  var.  sativus  Bailey). 
The  dewberry  [R.  villosus  Ait.). 
The  red  currant  (Ribes  rubrum  L.). 
The  black  currant  (R.  nigrum  L.). 
The  American  gooseberry  [R.  oxyacanthoides  L.). 
The  European  gooseberry  (R.  Grossularia  L.). 
The  American  cranberry  ( Vaccinium  macrocarpon  Ait.). 
The  huckleberry  (Gaylussacia  tesinosa  Torr.  and  Gray). 
Three  were  studied  in  Austria,  as  follows : 
The  forest  strawberry  (Fragaria  vesca  L.). 
The  European  raspberry  (Rubus  Idaeus  L.) 
The  mountain  cranberry  [Vaccinium  Vitis  Idaea  L.). 
Although  the  primary  object  of  this  work  was  to  secure  data  for 
use  in  the  detection  of  inferior  fruits,  foreign  seeds  and  other  adul- 
terants in  fruit  products,  other  points  of  scientific  interest  have  not 
been  overlooked. 
The  writer  desires  to  express  his  gratitude  to  Prof.  Dr.  Josef 
Moeller,  Director  of  the  Pharmacological  Institute,  Graz  University, 
lor  kindly  advice  and  criticism  ;  also  to  Mr,  W.  E.  Britton  for  aid  in 
tracing  the  origin  of  American  fruits.  The  cuts  were  reproduced 
from  the  author's  drawings  by  F.  X.  Matolony,  of  Vienna. 
THE  STRAWBERRY. 
The  varieties  of  strawberry  cultivated  in  Europe  are  chiefly 
improved  forms  of  F.  Chiloensis  Ehrh.,  but  some  are  said  to  be 
hybrids  of  this  species  with  F  vesca L.  or  F.  Virginiana  Duchesne. 
In  many  parts  of  Europe,  however,  the  small  but  delicious  wood 
strawberry  [F.  vesca  L.)  is  consumed  in  larger  quantities,  both  fresh 
and  preserved,  than  the  cultivated  sorts. 
Bailey1  classifies  the  strawberries  of  North  America  in  three 
^he  Evolution  of  our  Native  Fruits.    London,  1898,  pp.  428-432. 
