432 
Anatomy  of  Edible  Berries. 
f  Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
I  September,  1904. 
refers  briefly  to  the  histology  of  some  of  the  tissues  found  in  jam, 
but  does  not  mention  the  styles  and  hairs,  which  are  the  elements  of 
chief  importance  in  diagnosis.  Marpmann 1  describes  some  of  the 
seed  tissues  and  gives  a  cut  illustrating  their  appearance  in  surface 
view. 
In  microscopic  structure  the  cultivated,  the  wood  and  the  Virginian 
strawberries  are  identical. 
Receptacle. — (i)  The  Epidermal  Cells  {Fig.  2%  ep)  for  the  most  part 
are  polygonal  and  isodiametric,  but  those  radiating  from  the  base 
of  each  hair  are  usually  irregularly  diamond  shape,  and  often  are 
strongly  elongated.  The  hairs  are  not  numerous,  but  are  often  over 
a  millimeter  long,  tapering  gradually  from  the  widest  part  near  the 
base  to  the  point  (Fig.  2,  h).  In  the  basal  portion  the  lumen  is 
several  times  the  thickness  of  the  walls,  but  narrows  somewhat 
abruptly  further  on,  and  for  fully  three-fourths  of  the  total  length  of 
the  hair  is  but  a  narrow  channel  hardly  one-quarter  as  wide  as  the 
walls.  The  walls,  on  the  other  hand,  are  narrowest  at  the  basal  end. 
Tschierske  states  that  stomata  are  entirely  wanting,  but  the  writer 
has  found  them  in  all  the  specimens  of  F.  Child'ensis  and  F.  Virginiana 
which  he.  has  examined. 
(2)  Hypoderm  or  Sarkogen  Layer  (Fig.  2,  hy). — Tschierske  has 
shown  that  the  fleshy  receptacle  of  the  strawberry  owes  its  origin  to 
a  hypodermal  layer  of  meristematic  cells,  which  are  mostly  tan- 
gentially  elongated,  and  are  always  without  intercellular  spaces. 
These  cells,  to  which  he  gives  the  name  "  sarkogen  layer,"  resemble 
the  phellogen  or  cork-forming  cells  of  other  plants,  but  differ  in  that 
the  new  cells  are  formed  centripetally,  and  remain  active  during  the 
whole  period  of  growth ;  whereas  the  cork  cells  are  formed  centri- 
fugally,  and  die  soon  after  formation.  The  cells  increase  in  size  in 
radial  directions,  and  divide  by  tangential  partitions.  After  they 
have  performed  their  mission,  they  continue  to  increase  in  size,  but 
hold  to  their  original  shape. 
(3)  Cortical  Tissue. — The  daughter  cells  formed  by  the  division  of 
the  cells  of  the  sarkogen  layer  increase  rapidly  in  size,  become  round 
in  shape,  and  form  intercellular  spaces.  This  tissue  forms  the  bulk 
of  the  ripe  fruit.  Each  cell  is  rich  in  contents,  which,  on  cooking 
or  treatment  with  alcohol,  yields  a  shriveled,  opaque  mass. 
^tschr.  f.  angew.  Mikroskopie,  1896,  2,  97. 
