Am.  Jour.  Pharm."> 
September,  1904.  J 
Anatomy  of  Edible  Berries. 
439 
(4)  The  Pith  consists  of  round  parenchyma  cells,  devoid  of  cell 
contents,  with  intercellular  spaces. 
Pericarp. — (i)  The  Epicarp  or  Epidermis  (Fig.  7,  Epi,  Fig.  8)  on 
the  facets  of  the  drupelets  consists  entirely  of  polygonal  cells,  but 
on  the  exposed  surfaces  consists  of  polygonal  cells  and  hairs,  the 
hairs  often  being  so  numerous  that  they  occur  at  two  to  four  of  the 
angles  of  the  polygonal  cells.  Five  or  six  cells  frequently  meet  at 
the  base  of  the  hair,  forming  a  rosette  about  it.  The  hairs  vary 
greatly  in  length,  up  to  07  millimeter.  Most  of  them  have  thin 
walls  10-0005  to  0-0015  millimeter)  of  nearly  uniform  thickness  from 
the  base  to  the  blunt  apex,  and  show  a  broad  lumen  (h)  ;  but  some 
of  the  longer  forms  have  thick  walls  and  a  narrow  lumen  resembling 
the  strawberry  hair  (h')  The  thin-walled  hairs  are  commonly 
sinuous. 
Fig.  S. — Red  Raspberry  epicarp  vrith  h/,  straight  hair,  h,  sinuous  hairs  and 
sto,  stoma.    X  160. 
(2)  Hypoderm  (Fig.  7,  Hy). — Two  or  more  cell  layers  of  collen- 
chyma  form  the  hypoderm  (a  water  tissue),  serving  to  retard  the 
evaporation  of  the  fruit  juice. 
I  3  I  Mesocarp  (Fig.  7,  Mes ). — The  outer  two  or  three  layers  of  the 
mesocarp  consist  of  isodiametric  cells  with  intercellular  spaces,  inter- 
spersed with  . crystal  cells  ;  but  further  inward,  at  least  in  the  thicker 
portion  of  the  fruit,  the  cells  are  enormously  elongated  in  radial 
directions  and  are  without  intercellular  spaces.  Tschierske  points 
out  that  the  succulent  nature  of  the  fruit  results  from  the  radial 
growth  of  cells,  not  as  in  the  strawberry  from  the  formation  of 
numerous  isodiametric  cells  by  a  meristematic  layer. 
