Am.  Jour.  Pharm. ) 
November,  1904.  J 
Anatomy  of  Edible  Berries. 
533 
The  careful  studies  on  fire-damp  and  the  many  experiments  with 
sulphurous  acid  gas  naturally  demanded  of  him  a  thorough  exami- 
nation into  the  modes  of  estimation  of  these  bodies.  As  a  result 
we  to-day  possess  his  authoritative  work,  "  Lehrbuch  der  Tech- 
nischen  Gasanalyse,"  now  in  its  third  edition.  As  modern  manu- 
facturing processes  demand  quick  and  accurate  methods  of  estimat- 
ing the  purity  of  products  during  the  process  of  manufacture,  he 
thoroughly  studied  volumetric  processes.  His  "  Uebungen  in  der 
Maasanalyse "  contains  all  that  is  reliable  on  volumetric  analysis. 
There  are  many  earlier  works  on  kindred  subjects,  but  the  last  two 
books  are  among  the  most  widely  known. 
In  latter  years  he  has  appeared  as  critic,  he  has  pointed  out  many 
of  the  erratic  and  dangerous  philosophic  notions  of  the  modern 
chemists,  and  called  for  indisputable  facts  on  radium  and  determi- 
nation of  atomic  weights. 
THE  ANATOMY  OF  EDIBLE  BERRIES.1 
By  A.  L.  Winton. 
THE  RED  RASPBERRY. 
( Continued  from  p.  44.1. ) 
Testa  {Fig.  g}  S). — The  seed  coats  of  the  bramble  fruits  resemble 
closely  those  of  the  stone  fruits,  the  chief  difference  being  that  the 
epidermal  stone  cells  are  wanting. 
(1)  Epidermis  {Fig.  9,  ep). — The  cells  are  polygonal  in  surface 
view,  the  average  diameter  being  0-035  millimeter  and  the  maximum 
0-070  millimeter.  In  transverse  sections  they  are  cushion-shaped, 
with  a  cuticularized  outer  wall. 
(2)  Nutritive  Layer  (Fig.  <?,  p). — The  cells  in  this  layer,  having* 
fulfilled  their  mission,  are  empty  and  are  often  more  or  less  collapsed. 
(3)  Brown  Layer  (Fig.  p,  iep). — The  inner  layer  of  the  testa  con- 
sists of  cells  of  the  same  kind  as  in  the  outer  epidermis,  but  only 
about  half  as  large,  the  maximum  diameter  in  surface  view  being 
o  030  millimeter  and  the  average  o  020  millimeter.  These  cells  are 
readily  distinguished  from  those  of  the  neighboring  layer  by  their 
thicker  walls  and  yellow-brown  color. 
^his  paper  was  printed  in  Ztschr.f.  Unters.  d.  Nahr.  u.  Genussm.,  1902,  5, 
785-814,  and  is  reprinted  from  Connecticut  Expt.  Sta.  Report,  1902,  p.  288. 
