Am.  Jour.  Pharm.  1 
November,  1904.  j 
Anatomy  of  Edible  Berries. 
537 
Pericarp. — (i)  Epicarp  [Fig.  12,  epi). — The  cells  are  for  the  most 
part  elongated,  the  longer  diameters  extending  in  latitudinal  direc- 
tions on  the  sides  of  the  drupelets,  and  in  concentric  circles  about 
the  styles.  Stomata  are  always  present,  hairs  never  in  R.  nigrobac- 
€us,  seldom  in  R.  villosus. 
(2)  Hypoderm  (Fig.  12,  hy). — As  in  the  epicarp,  the  cells  are 
commonly  elongated,  but  are  much  larger,  and  extend  in  longi- 
tudinal directions. 
(3)  Mesocarp. — This  layer  is  much  the  same  as  in  the  raspberry. 
Crystal  clusters  (k)  are  numerous,  especially  near  the  surface. 
(4)  Endocarp. — As  in  the  raspberry,  the  sclerenchymatized  fibers 
of  the  endocarp  have  secondary  and  tertiary  membranes,  and  run 
longitudinally  in  the  outer  and  latitudinally  in  the  inner  layer. 
,sto 
Fig.  12. — Blackberry.    Outer  layers  of  peri-        Fig.  13. — Blackberry 
carp  in  surface  view,    epi,  epicarp  with  sto,     stone.    X  1  and  X  32. 
stoma ;  hy,  hypoderm  ;  k,  crystal  cells.  X 
160. 
Both  coats,  however,  are  thicker  than  in  the  raspberry,  the  inner 
consisting  of  six  to  ten  cell  layers. 
lesta. — It  has  been  noted  that  the  outer  epidermis  of  the  rasp- 
berry testa  is  made  up  of  polygonal  cells  with  about  twice  the 
diameter  of  those  in  the  inner  epidermis.  The  reverse  is  true  in 
the  case  of  the  blackberry,  the  testa  being  much  the  same  as  a  rasp- 
berry testa  turned  inside  out.  The  average  diameter  of  the  outer 
epidermal  cells  is  about  0-025  millimeter,  the  maximum  0  040  milli- 
meter ;  whereas  the  average  diameter  of  the  inner  epidermal  cells  is 
0-040  millimeter  and  the  maximum  0-060  millimeter. 
Style  (Fig.  14). — The  epidermal  cells  are  about  the  same  size  as 
