540 
Anatomy  of  Edible  Berries, 
/Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
\  November,  1904, 
Frequently  strongly  beaded  cells  are  divided  by  thin  partitions  into 
two  daughter  cells.  Stomata  are  numerous.  Cross  sections  show 
that  the  cells  are  considerably  broader  than  thick. 
(2)  Hypoderm  {Fig.  16,  hy). — Two  or  three  cell  layers  of  collen- 
chymatous  cells  underlie  the  epidermis.  In  surface  view  they  are 
polygonal  with  diameters  twice  or  more  those  of  the  epidermal  cells. 
Their  collenchymatous  character  is  seen  in  a  cross  section. 
(3)  Mesocarp. — Lampe  found  that  this  tissue  results  from  the 
growth  of  cells  formed  during  the  early  stages  of  development  and 
not  by  cell  division.  In  cross  section  the  cells  are  isodiametric 
(from  o-i  to  0-3  millimeter  in  diameter),  with  thin  walls  and  numerous 
Fig.  16. — Red  currant.  Outer  layers  of  pericarp  in  surface  view,  epi,. 
epicarp  with  sto,  stoma  ;  hy,  hypoderm  ;  B,  vascular  bundle  or  vein  seen 
through  the  transparent  outer  layers  of  the  fruit.    X  160. 
intercellular  spaces.  Radiating  from  the  bundles  (the  veins  seen 
through  the  epicarp)  are  elongated  cells.  Crystal  clusters  abound 
in  the  inner  layer. 
(4)  Endocarp  (Fig.  77). — Unlike  the  gooseberry,  the  currant  has 
a  sclerenchymatous  endocarp.  This  remarkable  tissue,  best  studied 
in  surface  preparations,  is  exceedingly  characteristic.  The  long  cells 
are  arranged  in  groups,  each  group  consisting  of  five  to  fifteen  cells 
side  by  side.  The  cells  of  adjoining  groups  may  extend  either  in 
the  same  or  different  directions.  Often  the  end  walls  of  one  group 
adjoin  the  side  wall  of  the  outer  cell  of  another  group.  Curious 
crinoid  like  forms  result  from  the  junction  of  several  groups.    As  a 
epi 
B 
sto 
