ADeciXrPi904m'}  Pharmacy  and  Chemistry.  567 
chemist ;  electric  and  gas  combustion  furnaces,  vacuum-distilling 
apparatus,  bombs,  appliances  for  working  under  pressure  and  the 
like,  also  the  many  appliances  used  by  the  dye  chemist  and  color, 
ist  to  determine  by  actual  experiment  the  value  of  the  artificial 
dye  product.  The  many  samples  of  such  dyed  goods  showing  all 
the  nuances  of  the  rainbow,  and  these  in  fast  colors,  can  be  said  to 
represent  one  industry  of  Germany  in  a  manner  worthy  of  its  grand 
development. 
Under  physiological  chemistry  are  found  the  many  ferments,  fer- 
mentation products,  and  also  the  synthetics.  An  especially  inter- 
esting exhibit  is  the  series  of  preparations  showing  the  constitu- 
tion of  the  fats,  as  determined  by  fermentation.  Stearic  acid, 
glycerin,  palmitic  acid  and  many  others  of  high  purity  are  pre- 
pared by  fermentation  at  37°.  No  decomposition  products  are  found 
in  these  preparations  that  usually  accompany  those  prepared  by  the 
classical  chemical  methods. 
Buchner,  who  showed  that  the  cell  is  not  a  necessity  "or  fermen- 
tation, that  the  changes  are  not  dependent  on  the  life  process,  but 
follow  laws  of  the  inorganic  chemistry,  has  a  large  display  of  the 
apparatus  he  used  to  grind  the  yeast  with  infusorial  earth,  he  then 
expressed  the  juice  with  "hydraulic  power,  thus  obtaining  a  fluid 
containing  the  enzyme  and  no  cells.  The  juice  so  expressed  and 
shown  is  of  a  brownish  red  color ;  when  dried  it  resembles  yellow 
dextrin ;  the  pure  product  obtained  by  precipitating  with  alcohol- 
ether  is  pure  white. 
At  the  main  entrance  to  the  exhibit  is  a  large  room  devoted  to 
the  current  chemical  literature  of  Germany,  such  as  Chemiker  Zei- 
tung,  Pharmaceutische  Centralhalle ',  etc.  Also  many  works  illustrat- 
ing the  advances  made  during  the  past  500  years  in  the  chemical 
arts  in  the  Fatherland.  On  the  left  is  the  office  of  Dr.  Zwingen- 
berger,  who  was  a  director  of  the  extended  electrochemical  plant  of 
Von  Heyden,  a  firm  well  known  to  all  pharmacists ;  the  Germans 
did  well  in  having  a  chemical  representative  in  charge  of  the 
exhibit.  Next  to  the  office  is  the  weird  laboratory  of  the  alchemist 
mentioned  in  our  first  report.  Opposite,  the  small  1 5  x  20-foot 
exact  duplicate  of  Liebig's  Laboratory  at  Giessen — a  room  that 
to-day  would  hardly  do  for  the  assistant  to  a  professor  in  one  of  the 
great  State  laboratories.  Still  Liebig  did  all  that  marvelous  work 
on  the  radicals  of  organic  chemistry  in  this  small  laboratory. 
