70 
PHARMACY IN SWEDEN. 
following different terms : laudatur, cum laude approbatur, ap- ' 
probatur, cum approbations admittitur, and last of all, admit- 
titur. 
The examination is not passed unless the candidate receive 
the approbatur of all the examiners. 
Provisos, and Apothecary. — After the examinee has taken 
an oath before the Collegium Medicum to comply with the laws 
and pharmaceutical regulations, he is declared " Provisor and 
Apothecary," and obtains a diploma to that effect. He is now 
at liberty to purchase by agreement an Apothecary's shop, if one 
becomes vacant, or through nomination, if a new one is required in 
any part of the country. 
The right (privilegium) of dispensing medicines in a shop, pro- 
perly procurable by personal permission from the Government, 
and which should cost only about <£4 or 5 for the diploma, has 
become a traffic, and the price has gradually risen to such an ex- 
tent, that at the present time the privilegium, or good-will of one 
of the best shops, is sold for about £3000 — a sum beyond the 
reach of a poor though clever student. 
Those who have been interested in the success of Pharmacy in 
Sweden, have proposed to mortgage (amortisera) the privileges 
by a loan ; but their benevolent endeavors have been stranded by 
the difficulty of procuring so large a sum of money necessary for 
mortgaging the privileges over the whole of Sweden. 
When a person through purchase or inheritance has become 
possessed of an Apothecary's shop, he must announce it in the 
Collegium Medicum in order to obtain from the Government 
confirmation of the privilege for himself. 
If in any part of the country a new shop is required, the Col- 
legium Medicum announce it, an propose three of the most de- 
serving candidates. The Government nominates one of them. It 
is for the most part in country places, at a distance from any 
town, that new Apothecaries' shops are allowed for the conveni- 
ence of the public. In the larger towns, on the contrary, they 
are rarely permitted. 
The number of Apothecaries' shops in Stockholm is fourteen, 
to a population of 90,000. No new shop has been permitted 
during the last twenty years, as the number has been found more 
than sufficient. For in Sweden, as in many other countries, it 
