PHARMACY  IN  GERMANY  AND  PRUSSIA. 
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sary,  besides  this,  to  obtain  a  transfer  of  the  concession  in  favor 
of  himself.    This,  however,  does  not  involve  any  great  difficulty. 
In  some  of  the  German  States,  however, — the  grand  duchy  of 
Baden,  for  example — the  intervention  of  the  government  in  the 
transmission  of  concessions  is  more  than  a  mere  formality,  for  in 
these  states  the  administration  nominates  the  successor.  In  this 
case,  the  pharmaceutist  resigning  his  business  cannot  demand 
more  than  the  value  of  the  stock  in  his  shop,  according  to  the 
valuation  of  a  competent  person.  Thus,  whoever  succeeds  in 
this  manner  to  the  business  of  a  pharmaceutist,  gains,  together 
with  the  concession,  the  advantage  of  his  predecessor's  con- 
nexion. Here,  likewise,  there  are  in  practice  several  modifica- 
tions, which  to  some  extent  lessen  what  would  appear  to  be  a 
measure  of  extreme  rigor  ;  but  these  modifications,  whatever  they 
may  be,  cannot  entirely  do  away  with  the  arbitrary  character  of 
this  legislation. 
When  the  business  of  a  pharmaceutist  passes  by  heritage,  by 
purchase,  or  otherwise  to  a  person  who  does  not  possess  the  title 
of  pharmaceutist,  he  is  obliged  to  dispose  of  the  business  within 
the  space  of  one  year  to  a  qualified  pharmaceutist,  and  during 
this  time  it  must  be  carried  on  by  a  sworn  manager. 
The  widow  of  a  pharmaceutist  is  permitted  to  carry  on  the 
business  of  her  husband,  under  the  direction  of  a  manager,  until 
the  children  attain  their  majority. 
The  extent  of  the  population  is  generally  the  ground  upon 
which  permission  is  given  to  establish  a  new  pharmacy,  but  there 
are  no  positive  regulations  with  regard  to  this  point.  The  num- 
ber, which  appears  to  be  tacitly  recognized  by  the  government 
and  confirmed  by  custom  is,  for  the  dense  population  in  towns 
one  pharmaceutist  to  every  six  thousand  inhabitants  ;  for  rural 
populations  the  proportion  of  pharmaceutists  is  more  consider- 
able. Within  this  limit  the  government  does  not  countenance 
the  establishment  of  new  pharmacies. 
There  are  at  Berlin  43  pharmacies  for  a  pop.  of  450,000,  or  1  to  10,465 
Leipsic  4  "  55,000*     «  13,750 
Dresden  10  «  90,000       "  9,000 
Hanover  4  "  30,000       "  7,500 
Frankfort  10  «  60,000       "  6,000 
Mayence  7  "  35,000f      "  5,000 
Cologne  15  "  95,000       «  6,333 
Aix-la-Chapelle  7  "  50,000       «  7,143 
*  A  new  pharmacy  is  about  to  be  established  in  Leipsic. 
t  Besides  a  garrison  of  about  15,000  men. 
