428 
PHARMACY  IN  GERMANY  AND  PRUSSIA. 
In  the  towns  belonging  to  the  Rhenish  provinces,  it  will  be 
seen  that  the  proportion  of  pharmacies  is  much  greater  than  in 
the  former.  This  is  a  consequence  of  the  occupation  of  the 
country  by  the  French,  and  of  the  regime  introduced  by  them. 
But  it  is  presumed  to  be  the  intention  of  the  administration  not 
to  permit  the  establishment  of  any  new  pharmacies,  until  the  na- 
tional increase  of  the  population  shall  have  brought  them  into 
the  same  proportion  as  in  the  other  provinces. 
In  those  parts  of  Germany  where  the  ancient  privileges  still 
exist,  the  government  has  sometimes  experienced  difficulty  in  es- 
tablishing new  pharmacies. 
At  Leipsic,  the  authorities  having  recently  announced  their 
intention  to  grant  a  new  concession  for  a  new  pharmacy,  the 
four  pharmaceutists  in  business  there  regarded  this  measure  as  a 
violation  of  the  privilege,  and  opposed  it.  The  Saxon  govern- 
ment was  obliged  to  compromise  the  matter  with  them,  and  it 
has  been  arranged  that  the  first  and  second  pharmacy  that  is 
established,  besides  the  four  already  existing,  shall  belong  to  the 
pharmaceutists  of  the  town,  who  will  conduct  them  by  means  of 
managers,  or  sell  them  to  pharmaceutists  possessing  a  concession  ; 
and  that,  for  this  advantage,  the  government  shall  have  the 
right,  at  a  later  period,  when  the  wants  of  the  population  call  for 
it,  to  grant  a  third  or  even  a  fourth  concession. 
When  an  application  is  made  for  a  concession,  it  is  always  the 
local  authority,  the  "  burgomeister "  or  mayor,  who  takes  the 
initiative;  he  consults  the  "physicus"  of  the  district  upon  the 
subject.  When  the  inspector  and  municipal  authorities  are 
unanimous  in  their  opinions  as  to  the  necessity  for  a  new  phar- 
maceutical establishment,  the  application  is  addressed  to  the 
medical  board  of  the  province.  When  the  reasons  assigned  are 
found  upon  inquiry  to  be  sufficient  to  justify  the  application,  the 
board  gives  an  opinion  favorable  to  the  applicant,  if  there  are 
not  already  any  pharmaceutists  in  the  locality,  or  if  those  already 
established  have  no  valid  objection  to  offer. 
The  circumstances  which  are  most  especially  taken  into  con- 
sideration with  regard  to  the  establishment  of  a  new  pharmacy, 
are,  any  considerable  increase  in  the  population  or  wealth  of  the 
district  in  question.  According  to  the  terms  of  the  regulation 
of  January  17th,  1845,  the  concession  is  granted  by  the  superior 
President  of  the  province. 
