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CHEMICAL  EXAMINATION  OF  THE  RTJBIACEiE. 
the  tree  from  its  characters  in  botanical  works.  But  on  submit- 
ting Mr.  Begbie's  letter  to  Dr.  Gibson,  Conservator  of  the 
Forests  of  Bombay,  who  very  lately  visited  Edinburgh,  that 
gentleman  at  once  recognized  his  old  acquaintance  of  the  Indian 
woods,  the  Pterocarpus  Marsupium  ;  which  he  was  one  of  the 
first  to  discover  to  be  the  true  source  of  kino,  by  observing  that, 
when  his  companions  on  a  shooting  party  cut  their  names  into 
the  bark  of  a  tree  beside  which  they  had  been  resting,  a  red 
juice  freely  exuded,  and  concreted  into  a  dark  astringent  gum, 
like  the  kino  of  commerce  Pharm.  Journ.,  Feb.,  1853. 
CHEMICAL  EXAMINATION  OF  THE  RUBIACEiE. 
By  F.  Rochledek. 
The  author  has  devoted  himself  for  several  years  to  the  exami- 
nation of  a  single  family  of  plants.  The  results  of  these  investi- 
gations have  confirmed  the  fact  already  frequently  stated,  that  the 
same  or  similar  substances  are  very  often  produced  in  allied  plants, 
and  undergo  similar  transformations  in  their  economy.  He  has 
now  put  together  the  following  general  results  of  his  experiments 
upon  some  of  the  most  interesting  plants  of  the  family  Rubiacece. 
1.  The  beans  of  Coffea  arabica  contain,  besides  some  sugar, 
fatty  matter  and  legumine,  caffeotannic,  viridic  and  citric  acids 
and  caffeine. 
2.  In  the  root  of  Cephaelis  ipecacuanha  there  are  ipecacuanhic 
and  pectic  acids,  gum,  starch,  and  some  fatty  matter  and  emetine. 
3.  In  the  root  of  Chiococca  racemosa,  caffeotannic  and  caincic 
acids  and  emetine  (?)  are  met  with. 
4.  In  the  bark  of  Portlandia  grandiflora  {China  nova  Xauxa,) 
chinovatannic  acid,  chinova-red,  gum,  kinic  and  kinovic  acids  are 
contained. 
5.  The  bark  of  Cinchona  scrobiculata  contains  cinchonatannic 
acid,  cinchona-red,  kinic  acid,  kinovic  acid,  cinchonine,  cinchotine 
and  quinine. 
6.  The  herb  of  Asperula  odorata  contains  aspertannic,  rubi- 
chloric  and  citric  acids,  coumarine  and  catechine. 
7.  The  herb  of  Rubia  tinctorum  contains  rubitannic,  citric  and 
rubichloric  acids. 
