32S 
STATE  OF  PHARMACY  IN  GERMANY  AND  PRUSSIA. 
to  practical  applications.  Such  a  combination  of  all  the  sciences 
in  one  institution  certainly  possesses  very  great  advantages,  espe- 
cially for  small  states.  They  are  thus  enable,  by  concentrating 
all  their  means  upon  one  establishment,  to  provide  students  with 
the  means  of  obtaining  a  general  education  of  an  elevated  and 
far  more  complete  character  than  could  be  done  if  the  different 
educational  establishments  were  distributed  among  several  cities. 
But  these  universities,  useful  in  certain  respects,  where  law,  the- 
ology, natural  science,  mathematics,  &c,  are  taught,  are  incapable 
of  replacing  with  advantage  the  institutions  for  professional 
instruction,  organized  in  a  special  manner  in  France,  under  the 
names  of  the  Faculty  of  Medicine,  School  of  Pharmacy,  School 
of  Mines,  &c,  where  the  sciences  are  taught  with  a  direct  view  to 
their  applications.  Taking,  for  the  sake  of  example,  only  one 
science — -taught  in  three  schools  of  which  mention  has  been  made — ■ 
chemistry,  it  will  readily  be  understood,  that  it  is  presented  in  each 
of  them  under  very  different  points  of  view,  and  that  the  general 
course  adopted  for  the  mixed  audience  of  a  university,  comprising 
students  of  pharmacy,  medicine,  agriculture,  and  mining,  would  not 
fully  supply  the  wants  of  any  one  of  these  classes  of  students. 
Nevertheless,  it  would  be  unjust  not  to  acknowledge,  that,  with 
regard  to  chemistry  in  particular,  it  is  studied  in  Germany  with 
very  great  care,  and  with  considerable  advantage  to  the  students. 
The  course  of  study  which  they  are  required  to  follow  at  the 
University  of  Berlin,  in  the  place  of  a  part  of  their  practical 
studies,  comprises  botany,  physics,  chemistry,  and  pharmacology, 
natural  history,  and  chemical  analysis.  The  student  pays  the  pro- 
fessor one  or  two  louisfor  the  course  of  each  session,  and  in  return 
for  this  he  is  admitted  to  work  in  the  laboratory  of  the  professors 
of  chemistry,  where  he  acquires  a  knowledge  of  analysis.  The 
same  regulations  are  observed  in  the  other  univerities  of  Ger- 
many. 
When  a  candidate  is  desirous  of  being  received  as  a  pharmaceu- 
tist, he  addresses  to  the  competent  authority — the  minister  of 
public  instruction,  &c. — a  request  to  that  effect,  which  must  be 
accompanied  by  documents  proving  the  length  of  time  during  which 
he  has  studied.  If  these  documents  are  satisfactory,  the  candidate 
receives  from  the  minister  an  authorisation,  in  which  he  is  reminded 
of  the  different  conditions  with  which  he  will  have  to  comply. 
