STATE  OF  PHARMACY  IN  GERMANY  AND  PRUSSIA. 
329 
This  authority  having  been  obtained,  it  is  addressed  to  the  director 
of  the  university,  whose  business  it  is  to  Gonvoke  a  board  of  ex- 
aminers. This  board  is  composed  of  eight  members,  who  at  the 
present  time  are  Mitscherlich,  Professor  of  Chemistry;  Rose,  Prof, 
of  Chemical  Analysis  ;  Bran,  Professor  of  Botany  ;  Magnus,  Prof, 
of  Physics;  Kluge,  Professor  of  Zoology;  Berg,  Stabero,  and 
Wittstock. 
The  examination  is  extended,  stringent,  and  varied. 
The  first  part,  under  the  name  of  the  "  tentamen,"  is  a  kind  of 
preliminary  test,  and  relates  to  three  subjects,  mineralogy,  botany, 
and  toxicology,  of  which  the  candidate  is  obliged  to  treat  in 
writing. 
The  second  part  consists  in  the  preparation  of  a  certain  number 
of  galenical  substances  under  the  superintendence  of  a  member  of 
the  board. 
The  third  part  consists  in  the  preparation  of  three  chemical 
products,  properly  so  called,  and  used  in  pharmacy,  such,  for  in- 
stance, as  acetic  acid,  iodide  of  potassium,  and  emetic  tartar. 
The  fourth  part  is  the  chemical  analysis  of  some  mixture  of 
mineral  substances,  of  which  the  following  is  an  example  : — Oxide 
of  mercury,  oxide  of  zinc,  oxide  of  magnesiun,  oxide  of  calcium, 
phosphate  of  lime. 
These  substances  must  be  determined  both  qualitatively  and 
quantitatively.  The  examiners  previously  fix  the  limits  of  error 
within  which  the  results  of  the  candidates  must  fall  on  pain  of 
being  rejected  and  having  to  recommence  their  examination. 
The  fifth  part  of  the  examination  is  likewise  an  analytical  ope- 
ration ;  the  candidate  must  determine  the  nature  and  quantity  of 
some  poisonous  substance  mixed  with  a  medicinal  or  alimentary 
compound.  The  following  examples,  taken  from  records  of  the 
board  of  examiners,  will  give  an  idea  of  the  kind  of  analyses  and 
the  difficulties  which  they  present : — 1.  Emulsion  of  almonds,  six 
ozs. ;  corrosive  sublimate,  ten  grs. ;  white  oxide  of  antimony,  ten 
grs.  2.  Cafe  au  lait,  six  ozs.;  arsenious  acid,  six  grs.;  sulphuret 
of  cadmium,  ten  grs.  3.  Protochloride  of  mercury,  ten  grs.;  nitrate 
of  silver,  ten  grs.;  liquorice,  sufficient  to  make  100  pills  of  4  grs. 
each. 
The  recognition  of  drugs  is  the  object  of  the  sixth  part  of  the 
examination  ;  and  among  other  things,  the  candidate  is  required  to 
