ON  THE  DRUGS  OBSERVED  AT  ADEN,  ARABIA. 
333 
a  supply  of  medicaments  in  case  of  necessity,  it  must  be  allowed 
that  this  object  is  altogether  frustrated,  by  granting  them  permission 
to  establish  themselves  in  large  towns,  or  in  any  place  where  phar- 
maceutists of  the  first  class  should  settle. 
It  would  therefore  be  just,  and  at  the  same  time  advantageous  to 
the  country,  if,  as  in  Prussia,  the  preference  was  always  given  to 
those  who  can  present  the  greatest  guarantee  of  capacity,  and  if 
pharmaceutists  of  the  second  class  were  permitted  to  establish 
themselves  only  where  the  number  of  those  of  the  first  class  was 
inadequate  to  the  requirements  of  the  population. — Pharm.  Jour., 
May  1,  1853,  from  Journ.  de  Pharm. 
(To  be  continued.) 
NOTES  UPON  THE  DRUGS  OBSERVED  AT  ADEN,  ARABIA, 
By  James  Vaughan,  Esq. 
Member  of  the  Royal  College  of  Surgeons  of  England,  Assistant  Surgeon  in  the  Bombay  Army, 
Civil  and  Port  Surgeon  at  Aden,  Arabia. 
Communicated  by  Daniel  Hanbury. 
(Concluded  from  page  234.) 
Copal.— This  substance  is  brought  from  the  coast  opposite  the 
island  of  Zanzibar  and  is  said  to  be  dug  up  from  the  earth,  where 
it  lies  in  irregular  flakes. 
The  mines,  if  they  may  be  so  called,  are  worked  by  Seedees 
exclusively  for  the  Imaum  of  Muscat,  who  is  also  the  ruler  of 
Zanzibar,  and  claims  the  produce  as  his  private  property.  I  have 
heard  that  in  the  same  latitude  (or  nearly  so)  on  the  western  coast 
of  Africa,  somewhere  in  the  region  of  Congo,  similar  beds  of  this 
substance  are  found  and  worked  by  the  Portuguese. 
Sanguis  Draconis,  or  Dragon's  Blood,  is  known  in  Southern 
Arabia  and  Socotra,  as  also  among  the  Somalis,  by  the  name  of 
Dam-oolakhawein,  i.  e.,  the  blood  of  the  two  brothers.  In  the 
island  of  Socotra  the  tree  affording  it  grows  in  luxuriant  abundance 
together  with  the  plant  yielding  aloes.  It  is  likewise  to  be  found 
in  Hadramaut  and  on  the  east  coast  of  Africa,  though  but  little  of 
the  drug  is  exported  from  the  latter  places,  the  natives  being  either 
ignorant  of  its  uses  and  value,  or  too  supine  and  lazy  to  collect  it. 
Dragon's  blood,  aloes,  orchella  weed  and  ghee,  or  liquid  butter, 
are  the  principal  and  almost  the  only  exports  from  Socotra.  These 
are  generally  taken  by  the  baggalas  and  native  vessels  which 
