PHARMACY  IN  GERMANY. 
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replaced  by  salts  of  quinia  and  iron  alone,  however  scientific  their 
artificial  combinations  may  appear. 
Fine  French  brandy,  employed  as  the  menstruum,  yields  a  still 
more  grateful  preparation,  and  should  be  substituted  in  all  cases  for 
the  diluted  alcohol,  when  the  additional  expense  is  no  obstacle. 
A  quantitative  examination  of  the  cinchona  alkaloids  contained 
in  this  tincture,  both  before  and  after  the  elimination  of  the  tannin, 
was  made  without  appreciable  difference  in  the  results.  A  portion 
of  the  tincture  as  I  have  supplied  it  having  been  delivered  to  Prof. 
Booth  to  determine  its  iron  constituent  with  accuracy,  elicited  the 
following  statement : 
Philadelphia,  Aug.  3d,  1853. 
Dear  Sir  : — The  Ferrrated  Tincture  of  Bark,  which  you  submit- 
ted to  me  for  analysis,  yields  4.23  grains  of  sesquioxide  of  iron  to 
the  fluid  ounce. 
Respectfully  yours, 
Jas.  C.  Booth. 
Mr.  Samuel  Simes,  Philadelphia. 
The  sesquioxide  in  100  grains  of  the  ammonio-citrate  of  iron 
was  accurately  determined  to  be  25.84  grains,  consequently  4.23 
grains  of  sesquioxide  correspond  with  16.37  grains  of  ammonio- 
citrate  in  each  fluid  ounce  of  the  tincture  examined.  The  slight 
discrepancy  is  probably  due  to  some  difference  in  graduated 
measures. 
PHARMACY  IN  GERMANY. 
Gottingen,  [Germany,]  July  12th,  1853. 
Esteemed  Friend  : — It  is  with  much  pleasure  that  I  sit  down 
to  answer  your  queries  in  regard  to  the  state  of  Pharmacy  and 
Pharmaceutical  Education  in  Germany ;  and  as  my  object  has 
been  to  obtain  true  and  substantial  information,  I  have  called  to 
my  assistance  Prof.  Wiggers,  Professor  of  Pharmacy  and  Materia 
Medica  in  this  University,  and  Inspector  (appointed  by  the  Go- 
vernment) of  the  Apotheke  of  the  Kingdom  of  Hanover,  to  whom 
I  am  thankful  for  many  of  the  ideas  contained  in  these  answers. 
1st.  The  schema  of  pharmaceutical  education  does  not  differ 
much  in  the  different  States  of  Germany ;  in  Austria  only  is  the 
system  not  so  scientifically  conducted. 
