404 
PHARMACY  IN  GERMANY. 
2d.  The  actual  amount  of  shop  practice  is  seven  years.  After 
serving  four  to  five  years  as  an  apprentice,  and  then  making  an 
examination  before  the  Judicial  Physician  of  the  District,  the 
candidate  is  admitted  to  the  rank  of  Assistant,  which  rank  he 
must  have  fulfilled  three  years  before  he  can  present  himself  as 
candidate  to  the  last  State  Examination.  During  his  term  of  ap- 
prenticeship, he  is  only  allowed  to  prepare  prescriptions,  under 
the  immediate  superintendence  of  an  assistant. 
3d.  The  Schools  of  Practical  Pharmacy  are  in  a  great  degree 
different  from  the  apothecary's  shop,  only  those  operations  being 
performed  that  do  not  often  occur  in  the  common  operations  of  the 
apothecary,  or  such  that  serve  to  increase  the  practical  knowledge 
of  the  student.  A  large  portion  of  the  time  is  taken  up  in  che- 
mical analysis,  (principally  qualitative,)  this  branch  of  study 
being  neglected  in  the  shop  practice,  or  rarely  taught  in  the 
Apotheke.  Such  service  in  these  laboratories  does  not  pass  in 
lieu  of  the  shop  practice.  In  some  of  the  German  countries  the 
studying  at  the  University,  or  at  Pharmaceutical  Institutions,  is 
not  obligatory  before  a  candidate  can  present  himself  for  examina- 
tion, though  the  high  standard  required  at  the  examination  in 
most  cases  renders  it  necessary  for  the  student  of  pharmacy  to 
spend  two  to  three  terms  at  the  University  or  such  institution. 
In  Prussia  the  law  compels  the  candidate  to  spend  a  certain  amount 
of  time  at  the  University  or  Institute. 
4th.  In  regard  to  the  actual  extent  and  degree  of  the  inspection 
of  the  stock  of  the  druggist,  I  have  the  following  to  communicate, 
this  being  the  manner  of  conducting  it  in  Hanover:  1.  The  per- 
sons employed  and  all  books  belonging  to  the  business  are  revised, 
and  if  any  deficiencies  are  found  they  are  entered  in  the  protocol. 
2.  The  shop,  store  room  and  laboratory  are  examined,  as  to 
whether  satisfactorily  and  properly  arranged,  and  supplied  with 
the  necessary  apparatus  and  fixtures.  3.  All  medicines  are  physi- 
cally and  chemically  proved,  and  are  required  to  be  of  the  best 
quality, — and  in  such  quantities  as  the  size  of  the  business  de- 
mands. By  this  manner  of  control  only  the  best  quality  of  medi- 
cines can  be  kept  on  hand ;  and  the  only  manner  in  which  the 
Apotheke  can  commit  a  fault  is  in  not  putting  the  proper  quantity 
of  medicine  in  a  preparation.  If  in  any  part  of  the  revision,  de- 
ficiencies are  found,  they  are  entered  on  the  protocol,  which  is 
