406 
PHARMACY  IN  GERMANY. 
theke  to  make  a  present  to  the  physician  for  the  purpose  of  obtain- 
ing his  patronage. 
12th.  Owing  to  the  strict  regulations  in  regard  to  those  who 
dispense  the  medicines,  errors  seldom  occur.  In  the  Kingdom  of 
Hanover  only  one  case  occurred  in  the  last  twenty-five  years,  in 
which  an  apprentice  gave  tinct.  opii  instead  of  tinct.  jalapse.  In 
such  cases  the  apothecary  is  answerable,  and  it  is  therefore  neces- 
sary for  him  to  pay  particular  attention  to  his  apprentices  and 
assistants.  If  an  accident  should  occur  through  carelessness  in 
this  respect,  and  after  the  proper  warning  more  attention  is  not 
paid  to  it,  the  Jlpotheke  can  then  be  compelled  to  dispose  of  his 
business,  or  put  it  under  the  direction  of  a  sworn  manager. 
13th.  The  expenses  of  a  student  whilst  in  attendance  at  the 
University  is  different  in  various  parts  of  Germany.  In  Berlin  his 
yearly  expenses  would  reach  400  American  dollars ;  in  Gottingen 
from  $250  to  $300,  and  in  some  parts  of  South  Germany  it  is  still 
cheaper.  The  examination  fees  are  fifteen  dollars.  Quite  a 
number  of  gratuitous  scholarships  are  found  amongst  pharmaceuti- 
cal students ;  these  are  granted  by  the  proper  authorities,  when  a 
young  man  can  show  that  he  has  not  the  sufficient  means  to  finish 
his  pharmaceutical  education. 
In  finishing  these  remarks,  allow  me  to  call  your  attention  to 
a  very  complete  and  able  article  on  the  State  of  Pharmacy  in 
Germany  and  Prussia,  by  M.  Bussy,*  republished  in  late  numbers  of 
the  London  Pharmaceutical  Journal  and  Transactions.  They  include 
a  large  extent  of  information,  and  are  in  all  respects  to  be  relied 
upon.  In  some  of  my  answers  I  may  have  been  somewhat  too 
concise,  owing  to  a  press  of  time;  but  I  hope  the  time  is  not  far 
off  when  I  can  give  you  more  full  and  verbal  answers  to  your 
inquiries.  As  I  have  devoted  a  large  portion  of  my  time  to 
Botany,  my  collections  have  been  more  botanical  than  pharma- 
ceutical, though  it  has  been  my  object  to  increase  my  collections 
in  all  branches  belonging  to  a  pharmaceutical  student. 
Trusting  that  you  may  long  be  spared  to  fulfil  your  useful  position, 
I  remain  yours,  truly, 
Samuel  S.  Garrigues. 
To  Prof.  William  Procter,  Jr. 
*  See  pages  323  and  425  of  this  volume.— Ed. 
