FUSEL  OIL  FROM  INDIAN   CORN  AND  RYE. 
423 
meter.  In  the  second  rectification,  81° — 84°  was  collected  at 
8l°_82°— 84°. 
During  the  fourth  rectification,  the  thermometer  still  continued 
to  rise  from  81° — 136°;  but  nearly  the  whole  of  the  oil  was  col- 
lected at  132° — 136°,  and  the  thermometer  was  longer  stationary 
between  81° — 84°  than  at  any  intermediate  stadium.  They  all, 
where  not  masked  by  the  odor  of  the  fusel  oil,  (as  in  the  case  of 
the  higher  ones,)  smelled  strongly  of  turpentine.  The  distillate 
between  81° — 84°  was  rectified,  and  what  passed  over  at  81°  col- 
lected. Its  density  at  19°  was  0*8194;  and  it  presented  the  cha- 
racteristic of  alcohol  contaminated  with  some  foreign  substance. 
After  having  stood  for  a  day  over  freshly  ignited  charcoal,  water 
was  added,  in  which  it  nearly  all  dissolved,  giving  a  milky  fluid, 
from  which  a  little  oil  separated.  Water  was  now  shaken  with 
the  several  distillates  up  to  81c — 119°  inclusive.  The  quantity  of 
distillate  was  very  much  reduced  by  the  water,  and  the  resulting 
oil  smelled  strongly  of  turpentine.  These  oils,  separated  from  the 
aqueous  solution,  stood  over  night  upon  charcoal,  and  were  kept 
boiling  for  some  time  over  fused  chloride  of  calcium,  so  that  the 
vapors  flowed  back  into  the  flask;  they  were  then  distilled,  in  a 
wax  bath,  from  the  salt.  The  quantity  of  oil  thus  obtained  was 
quite  small.  The  chloride  of  calcium,  when  dissolved  in  water, 
set  free  a  small  quantity  of  oil  of  turpentine  which  was  mechani- 
cally mixed  with  it. 
Since  the  portion  of  oils  passing  at  120° — 129°  was  the  greatest 
in  quantity  after  those  already  mentioned,  I  was  desirous  of  form- 
ing the  double  sulphate,  in  order  to  ascertain  by  that  means  the 
presence  of  another  alcohol  besides  amylic.  I  had  three-fourths  of 
a  fluid  ounce  at  my  disposal,  to  which  was  added  gradually  an  equal 
weight  of  oil  of  vitriol.  After  having  stood  for  a  few  hours,  there 
were  two  layers  on  the  addition  of  water ;  the  upper  one  a  yellow- 
ish green  oil,  which  diminished  on  the  addition  of  more  water. 
What  remained  undissolved,  was  in  too  small  quantity  for  further 
examination ;  when  rectified  over  carbonate  of  potassa,  it  began 
to  boil  at  115°,  the  boiling  point  at  once  rising.  When  suffered 
to  evaporate  upon  the  hand,  it  gave  the  smell  of  amylic  alcohol 
and  turpentine.  The  double  sulphuric  acid  thus  formed  was  neu- 
tralized by  pure  carbonate  of  baryta,  and  the  baryta  double  salt, 
after  evaporation  to  dryness  in  a  water  bath,  was  redissolved,  fil- 
