so 
Am  .lour.  I'liarm- 
Jan.,  1SS2. 
tliiit ;  i)ostea  in  eoloi-em  intense  rubicuiidinn  transniUtatiii',  WXvdi^  oascdrilla 
colorada  nomen  oritur." 
That  i.s  to  say,  it  is  named  "  Red  Bark  "  (in  Spanish  as  above)  from  this 
peculiarity  in  tlie  juiee.  True  red  bark  is,  as  I  liave  shown  in  my  Illus- 
trations of  the  Nueva  (|uinologia,"  the  product  of  (7?2(^/iO>?rt  sKcciriibi'a  of 
Pavon.  But  C.  succh-ubra,  like  other  species,  exists  under  somewhat  dif- 
ferent forms,  as  will  be  seen  by  examination' of  the  specimens  I  send  to 
.illustrate  the  sul)ject. 
One  source  of  variation  is  connected  with  the  macho  and  Jiemhra  forms 
of  tlie  same  jjlant ;  that  is  to  say,  the  preponderance  of  the  male  and  female 
elements  in  the  tiower,  attended,  as  well  shown  by  Dr.  Weddell,  with  cor- 
responding changes  in  the  rest  of  the  plant.  The  color  of  the  flowers,  for 
■instance,  varies  in  its  intensity.  Another  contrast  between  different  forms 
ils  found  i.B  the  perfectly  glabrous  or  subpubescent  under  surface  of  the 
ileaf.  This,  as  defined  by  Pavon,  and  as  found  generally  in  India,  is  per- 
fectly smooth.  As  defined  by  Klotzsch,  it  is  foliis  mbtus  puberulis,  .i^dg- 
,i  tig,  as  he  did,  from  a  specimen  of  Pavon's  in  the  Berlin  Museum. 
These  differences,  apparently  trivial,  are  nevertheless  important  to  tlie 
■  cultivator.  The  pernicious  effects  of  the  rapid  oxidation  of  the  cinclio- 
itannic  acid  I  have  explained  in  tlie  "  Nuev^a  Quinologia,"  so  tliat  we  may 
;fairly  say  the  more  truly  colorada  or  7'ed  the  bark,  the  less  probability 
there  is  of  good  results  in  the  alkaloids.  I  send  for  the  Museum  small 
.specimens  (A). of  Pavon's  own  collection  ;  of  the  genuine  Red  Bark  (B)  in 
•  commerce,  and  of  .the  more  resinous  sort  (C),  which  I  have  described  in 
the  above  work,, as  they  used  to  be  imported  from  South  America,  fetching 
.a.liigh  ,prict^,.but  useless  to  the  quinine  manufacturer,  containing  in  each 
case  about  2  per  cent,  of  alkaloids,  the  most  predominant  cinchonine  and 
cinchohidine.  The  truest  red  bark  in  India  will  come  to  this  by  age.  The 
state  of  degeneration  which  I  have  described  (at  p.  14,  .<tub  voce  C.  mcci- 
,Tnbra)  was  believed,  by  Mr.  Broughton,  to  have  set  in  during  the  con- 
tinuance of  his  observations,  and  I  have  recently  had  tlie  opportunity  of 
,exanuning  specimens,  carefully  selected  by  Mr.  Cross,  from  the  Govern- 
ment Gardens  at  Ootacamund,  which  present  the  much  more  mature  bark 
as  exhibiting  the  true  characteristics  of  genuine  Red  Bark,  both  in  phys- 
ical characteristics  and  in  the  nature  of  the  alkaloids  it  contains. 
1  have  forwarded  specimens  of  these  (D),  No.  19  and  20,  as  sent  by  Mr. 
R.  Cross,  with  the  following  information  : 
Analij.sis  of  No.  19. — Quinine  •91  per  cent.=sulphate  of  quinine  1'21  per 
cent.  Cinchonidine  1"48  per  cent.  Cinchonine  j"84  per  cent.  Amorphous 
alkaloid  P14  per  cent. 
Analysis  of  No.  20. — Qiiinine  '86  per  cent. ^sulphate  of  quinine  1'15  per 
■cent.  Cinchonidine  2"08  per  cent.  Cinchonine  S'Of}  per  cent.  Amorphous 
alkaloid  IMIG  per  cent. 
On  these  barks  1  have  remarked  thus  in  a  recent  report  to  the  Manpns 
of  Hartington  : 
"Both  these  are  most  characteristic  specimens  of  Red  Bark,  and  the 
produce  well  illustrates  the  mistake,  which  I  have  constantly  pointed  out, 
.  of  the  excessive  cultivation,  of  .this  s}>ecies.    The  bark  of  such  trees  can 
