^'"Apri'/"£82™'  }  Pharmaceutical  Colleges  and  Associations.  193 
PHARMACEUTICAL  COLLEGES  AND  ASSOCIATIONS. 
Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy. — The  examination  of  the 
Junior  students  was  held  on  the  afternoon  and  evening  of  February  14th. 
The  specimens  for  examination  and  recognition  were  as  follows : 
Matricaria,        Aqua  foeniculi,  Aciduni  nitro-muriaticum, 
Sabbatia,  Syrupus  zingiberis,  Acidum  phosphoricum  dilut., 
Chondrus,         Extract,  sennae  fluidunl,      Potassii  chloras, 
Sodii  boras. 
The  questions  for  written  answers  were  the  following  : 
CHEMISTRY.  • 
1.  Is  the  white  light  of  the  Sun  simple  or  compound  ?  How  many  ele- 
mentary colors  are  there !  What  is  Spectrum  Analysis,  and  how  do  chem- 
ists utilize  it  ? 
2.  What  is  the  Electric  Light?  Give  the  difference  between  the  "arc 
light"  and  the  "  incandescent  light."    Which  is  the  more  powerful? 
3.  Write  three  reactions  for  the  production  of  Hydrogen. 
4.  What  is  Ozone?    How  is  it  produced,  and  what  are  the  tests  for  it? 
5.  Give  the  chemical  reaction  by  which  Nitric  Acid  is  made.  What  is 
the  action  of  Nitric  Acid  upon  vegetable  or  animal  tissue?  What  are 
Nitrates  used  for  in  the  arts  ? 
BOTANY  AND  MATERIA  MEDICA. 
1.  Explain  the  nature  of  Cork  Cells.  What  is  the  difference  between 
primary  and  secondary  Cork?   In  what  parts  of  plants  is  Cork  produced? 
2.  In  what  respects  does  a  root  differ  from  a  rhizome,  both  morphologi- 
cally and  in  structure? 
3.  What  are  the  medicinal  properties  of  the  plants  belonging  to  the 
natural  order  of  Aracece  F  Name  some  drugs  obtained  from  this  natural 
order. 
4.  Give  the  botanical  characters  of  the  natural  order  of  Gentianacece. 
Name  the  officinal  herbs  obtained  from  this  order.  State  the  medicinal 
properties  of  these  plants. 
5.  Spearmint  and  Peppermint.  Give  the  botanical  names  of  the  plants, 
and  describe  both  plants,  pointing  out  more  particularly  in  what  respects 
they  differ. 
PHARMACY. 
1.  If  a  liter  flask  holds  forty-five  and  two-thirds  troyounces  of  an  offici- 
nal liquid  at  4°C.,  what  should  you  say  the  liquid  was?  Show  the  calcu- 
lation for  obtaining  your  answer. 
2.  Describe  a  Hydrometer  suitable  for  pharmaceutical  purposes.  What 
is  the  theory  of  its  construction  ?  At  which  end  of  a  hydrometer  for  heavy 
liquids  is  the  specific  gravity  of  water  indicated  ?  Wliy  is  it  placed  at  this 
end? 
3.  Define  Fluid  Extract,  Syrup,  Tincture,  Infusion,  Medicated  Water. 
4.  Define  Maceration,  and  name  three  preparations  wherein  this  process 
would  be  preferably  used  to  percolation,  and  give  your  reasons  for  prefer- 
ring maceration.  Define  Percolation,  and  name  six  preparations  in  which 
this  process  would  be  preferably  used  to  maceration. 
5.  State  briefly  how  officinal  Diluted  Phosphoric  Acid  is  prepared. 
What  do  you  know  about  an  improvement  over  the  officinal  process? 
How  is  this  preparation  distinguished  from  other  varieties  of  the  same 
acid? 
(QUESTIONS  BY  THE  COMMITTEE, 
].  In  what  respect  does  tlie  United  Staies  Pharmacopa'Aa  differ  from  a 
Dispensatory  f  Wliat  is  meant  by  the  Officinal  name  of  a  drug?  (Jive  an 
example.    AVhat  is  meant  by  tlie  Botanical  name  of  a  drug"?   Give  an 
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