288  Analytical  Researches  and  Investigations.  {^''^^iZ/iZi!'^' 
Struve  finally  ('[ills  attention  to  the  faet  that  blood  stains  through 
the  vegetation  of  monld  may  become  so  changed  that  by  the  micro- 
chemical  examination  they  will  yield  neither  the  hiemin  crystals  nor 
permit  the  detection  of  the  strnctnral  elements.  The  color  of  such 
dark  stains  does  not  proceed  from  the  coloring-matter  of  the  blood, 
but  from  librin  ;  they  are  soluble  in  dilute  soda  solution,  and  the 
solution  yields  the  different  reactions  of  albuminous  matters. — Ihid.^ 
pp.  311  to  315. 
On  the  CrystalUzable  Yellow  Coloring  Matters  of  Galangal.  By  E. 
Jahns. — In  the  year  1839  Brandes  discovered  in  the  galanga  rhizome 
a  substance  to  which  the  name  of  kamjjferid  was  applied.  The  author 
has  now  determined  that  the  latter  is  a  mixture  of  three  different 
bodies,  to  which  he  has  given  the  names  of  kampferid,  alpinin  and 
galangin. 
1.  Kampferid,  C^gH^gOg,  crystallizes  from  alcohol  in  sulphur-yel- 
low flat  needles,  which  melt  at  221-222°  C,  are  almost  insoluble  in 
water,  and  sparingly  soluble  in  alcohol.  It  crystallizes  with  one 
molecule  of  water  of  crystallization,  which  is  expelled  at  from  130  to 
140°C. 
2.  Galangin,  Cj^HioOg,  crystallizes  from  absolute  alcohol  in  bright 
yellow  flat  prisms,  which  in  two  molecules  contain  one  molecule  of 
alcohol  of  crystallization  ;  from  dilute  alcohol  it  crystallizes  in  yellow- 
ish-white silky  needles,  containing  one  molecule  of  water  of  crystal- 
lization. Galangin  is  soluble  in  34  parts  of  absolute  and  in  68  parts 
of  90  per  cent,  alcohol. 
3.  Alpinin,  Ci^H^gOg,  crystallizes  in  yellow  needles,  with  one 
molecule  of  water  of  crystallization;  it  melts  at  from  172  to  174°C. 
By  oxidation  with  nitric  acid,  kampferid  yields  anisic  acid,  while 
galangin  gives  benzoic  acid ;  in  both  cases  oxalic  acid  is  also  formed. — 
Chem.  Zeitung,  1682,  No.  17,  p.  328;  from  Archiv  der  Pharm.,  17, 
p.  161. 
Chemical  .Examination  of  Tanacetum  vulgare.  By  O.  Leppig. — 
The  author  has  determined  in  the  flowers  as  well  as  in  the  herb 
of  tansy  the  following  principal  constituents :  tanacetin,  tannic  acid, 
gallic  acid,  volatile  oil,  fatty  matter,  a  waxlike  substance,  mucilage, 
albuminous  matter,  tartaric,  citric,  malic  and  oxalic  acids,  a  Isevogy- 
rate  sugar,  resin  and  meta-arabinic  acid.  The  bitter  principle,  tana- 
cetin, is  contained  chiefly  in  the  flowers;  it  is  amorphous,  and  has  the 
composition  CiiH,g04.    With  concentrated  sulphuric  acid  it  becomes- 
