314 
Modern  Pharmaceutical  Study. 
j  Am.  Jour.  Pharm, 
\      June,  1882. 
systems  which  are  now  used  in  the  different  countries.  What  I  found  of 
such  information  in  the  historical  works^  on  pharmacy  was  all  antiquated, 
and  I  commenced  for  myself  to  gather  the  following  facts  from,  as  I  may 
say,  all  the  corners  of  Europe. 
Having  been  already  nearly  one  year  and  a  half  on  an  educational  tour 
on  the  Continent,  I  have  particularly  frequented  the  pharmaceutical  insti- 
tute of  the  University  of  Strassburg  (Professor  Fliickiger)  and  the  large 
School  of  Pharmacy  in  Paris  (Professor  Planchon  and  Mr.  Gerard),  have 
also  visited  a  great  many  other  pharmaceutical  schools,  and  in  that  way 
have  had  the  opportunity  of  seeing  a  good  deal  of  the  present  pharmaceu- 
tical education.  I  have  also  enlarged  my  own  sources  of  information 
through  a  rather  extensive  correspondence  with  several  of  the  most  emi- 
nent pharmacists  and  pharmaceutical  professors,  in  Europe.  All  this 
information  I  embodied  in  a  pamphlet,^  which  I  published  some  weeks 
ago  in  Copenhagen,  and  had  the  honor  of  presenting  to  T.  Greenish,  Esq., 
F.C.S.,  President  of  the  Pharmaceutical  Society  of  Great  Britain,  and  it  is 
according  to  his  friendly  advice  that  I  present  to  this  journal  that  part  of 
my  pamphlet  which,  perhajDS,  may  be  of  some  interest  for  English  pharm- 
acists. In  the  Danish  edition  these  remarks  are  accompanied  by  a  plan 
for  a  complete  reform  of  the  Danish  pharmaceutical  study;  here  I  have 
only  briefly  communicated,  without  criticism,  the  plans  for  pharmaceu- 
tical education  which  are  adopted  in  the  different  countries.^ 
I  am  highly  indebted  to  Mr.  Th.  Greenish,  to  whom  I  return  many 
thanks,  for  the  kindness  with  which  he  has  given  me  great  and  valuable 
assistance  by  publishing  the  following  essay  in  this  journal. 
England,  Scotland  and  Ireland. 
Though  English  Pharmacy  probably  is  very  well  known  in  the  United 
States,  the  following  notes  are  given,  which  I  owe  partly  to  the  kindness 
of  Th.  Greenish,  Esq.,  F.C.S.,  President  of  the  "Pharmaceutical  Society 
of  Great  Britain,"  and  which  are  partly  taken  from  the  calendar' of  this 
Society,  published  every  year. 
In  Englayid  and  Scotland  the  government  does  not  regulate  pharmaceu- 
tical education,  but  has  left  it  entirely  to  the  care  of  the  "  Pharmaceutical 
Society  of  Great  Britain,"  which  was  established  in  1841.  After  the  incor- 
poration of  the  Society  by  Royal  Charter  in  1843,  a  by-law  was  passed 
requiring  all  persons,  except  those  who  were  in  business  on  their  own 
account  before  the  date  of  the  Charter,  to  pass  an  examination  prior  to 
admission  as  a  member  of  the  Society.    The  subjects  of  examination  were 
1  Particularly,  Phillippe,  "Histoire  des  Apothicaires,"  Paris,  1853,  and  Hermann  Lad- 
wig's  augmented  German  revision  of  Ihis  work,  Jena,  1858. 
2  H.  J.  Mtiller,  "Nogle  Bemoerkninger  ora  den  nuvcerende  Pharm,  Uddannelse,'' etc. 
Kobenhavn,  1881.   [137  pages.] 
3  We  are  indebted  to  tlie  author  for  a  copy  of  his  pamphlet,  and  for  the  resume  of  the 
I'egulations  relating  to  pharmaceutical  qualifications  in  Great  Britain  and  Ireland, 
with  which  we  commence  this  review,  and  followed  by  those  of  the  other  countries,  as 
published  in  the  "  Pliarmaceutical  Journal  and  Transactions,"  omitting  the  sketch  of 
the  pharmaceutical  education  in  tiie  United  States  as  being  a  subject  with  which  our 
readers  are  familiar.— Editor  Amer.  Jour.  Phar. 
