376 
Modern  Pharmaceutical  Study. 
f  Am.  Jour.  Pharmw 
1      July, 1882 
SOME  REMARKS  UPON  MODERN  PHARMACEUTICAL 
STUDY. 
By  H.  J.  MoLLER. 
(Continued  from  page  323.) 
Holland. 
This  country  holds  a  very  peculiar  position  with  regard  to  pharmaceutical 
study,  and  also  with  regard  to  several  other  pharmaceutical  conditions.. 
During  a  journey  through  Holland,  in  the  spring  of  this  year,  I  had  the 
opportunity  to  get  a  superficial  view  of  Dutch  pharmacy  and  to  collect  the 
laws  and  other  information  of  which  I  had  need.  I  owe  many  thanks  to 
Professor  Van  der  Burg,  in  Leyden,  for  the  kindness  with  which  he  has. 
answered  my  letters  and  procured  me  every  further  explanation  I  desired. 
"  Wet  van  den  25'*^''  December,  1878,  houdende  regeling  der  voorwaarden 
lot  verkrijging  der  bevoegdheid  van  arts,  tandmeester,  apotheker,  vroed- 
vrouw  en  apothekersbediende,"  ^  is  the  Dutch  title  of  the  Pharmacy  Act  by 
which  the  rules  for  pharmaceutical  study  have  been  lately  fixed  in  a  quite 
peculiar  way.  I  shall  here  translate  only  the  most  imjiortant  parts  of  this 
law  which  by  a  "  Besluit  van  den  12'^''°  Februarij,  1879,"  was  enforced  Au- 
gust 1,  1879. 
Art.  1.  The  title  of  physician  is  acquired  by  fhe  practical  medical  exami- 
nation^ which  is  fixed  in  article  2. 
Art.  3.  This  practical  examination  can  only  be  passed  by  those  students, 
who  have  already  passed  the  two  examinations  in  the  natural  sciences  and 
the  theoretical  medical  examination. 
Art.  4.  The  first  examination  in  natural  science  embraces  natural  history, 
chemistry  and  botany.  In  order  to  pass  this  examination  it  is  required 
that  the  candidate  (1)  shall  have  passed  the  pass  examination  between  the 
fourth  and  fifth  classes  in  a  "gymnasium,"  with  a  course  of  six  years;  or 
(2)  shall  have  been  in  the  highest  class  of  the  "  pro-gymnasium ;"  or  (3) 
shall  have  passed  the  final  examination  in  a  higher  "  burgerschool,"  with  a 
course  of  five  years.    (This  examination  is  also  necessary  for  a  pharmacist.) 
Art.  5.  The  second  examination  in  natural  science  contains  anatomy, 
physiology,  histology,  pathology,  therapeutics  and  materia  medica ;  it  is 
only  passed  by  physicians,  and  the  same  is  the  case  with  the  theoretical 
medical  examination,  which  is  fixed  in  article  6. 
Art.  11.  The  title  of  "Apotheker"  gives  the  right  to  practise  pharmacy, 
and  is  obtained  through  the  practical  pharmaceutical  examination^  which 
demands  proof  of  sufficient  knowledge  in  analysis  and  pharmacy.  Before 
the  candidate  can  be  admitted  to  this  examination  he  must  have  been  an 
apprentice  in  a  pharmacy  at  least  two  years. 
Art.  12  demands  that  before  the  practical  pharmaceutical  examination, 
the  theoretical  shall  be  passed. 
In  accordance  with  article  13  this  last  mentioned  examination  embraces 
pharmacy,  toxicology,  and  analytical  chemistry. 
1  "  Law  of  December  25,  1878,  containing  the  order  of  the  conditions  for  admission  as  a. 
physician,  dentist,  pliarmacist,  midwife  and  'apothecary-servant.'  "  This  law  is  pub- 
lished in  "Staatsblad  van  het  Koningrijk  der  Nederlanden,"  No.  222,  1878. 
