Am., J  our.  Pharm, 
August,  1882 
} 
Modern  Pharmaceutical  Study. 
421 
I  am  highly  indebted  to  Professor  E.  Schar,  who  has  kindly  given  me 
all  the  information  for  which  I  asked,  and  has  also  sent  me  a  copy  of  the 
.new  plan,  for  the  study  of  which  plan  I  here  shall  translate  that  part 
which  I  think  will  be  the  most  interesting  to  the  readers  of  this  Journal. 
The  title  of  the  law  is  the  following:  "  Verordnung  fiir  die  eidgenos- 
sischen  Medicinalpriifungen  (Vom  2  Heumonat),  1880."  ^ 
Art.  1.  The  pharmaceutical  examinations  are  held  in  Basel,  Berne, 
Geneva,  Lausanne  and  Zurich. 
Art,  52.  The  pharmacists  must  pass  two  examinations  (corresponding  to 
ithe  English  "  Minor"  and  "  Major.") 
Art.  53.  The  Miyior^^  ("die  pharniaceutische  Gehiilfenprufung  " )  can 
only  be  passed  by  the  candidate  who  in  advance  has  deposited  :  (1)  the 
■  certificate  of  a  "  Preliminary  examination  "  (exactly  corresj^onding  to  the 
above-mentioned  German  "  Preliminary  examination  ") ;  (2)  the  certificate 
■of  an  apprenticeship  of  three  years  (two  years  are  sufficient  if  he  has 
;passed  all  the  classes  in  the  "Gymnasium"  (again  the  same  as  in  Ger- 
many and  Russia). 
Art.  54.  The  practical  part  of  the  "Minor"  embraces  :  (1)  a  written  and 
an  oral  translation  of  two  articles  from  the  Pharmacopoea  Helvetica;  (2) 
the  preparation  of  at  least  three  remedies  according  to  prescriptions ;  (3) 
the  making  of  a  chemical  and  a  "galenical"  preparation  after  the  Phar- 
macopoea Helvetica;  (4)  two  not  very  difficult  analyses  of  officinal  drugs 
•  or  preparations. 
Art.  55.  The  oral  examination  for  the  "Minor"  consists  of :  (1)  Syste- 
matic botany  and  special  knowledge  of  the  medical  and  economical  j^lants ; 
(2)  elementary  physics ;  (3)  pharmaceutical  chemistry  ;  (4)  materia  medica ; 
(5)  dispensing  of  medicines,  i^osology,  and  the  rules  for  pharmaceutical 
.preparations. 
Art.  57.  The  "  Major  ("die  i)harmaceutische  Fachpriifung." )  Before 
ithe  student  can  be  admitted  to  this  examination  he  must  have  passed  the 
"  Minor,"  have  been  an  assistant  for  a  year,  and  have  studied  at  the  uni- 
versities for  at  least  four  semesters  [i.  e-.,  two  years).  In  these  two  years 
he  is  occui:>ied  with  his  studies  only,  and  must,  in  this  time,  also  work  in 
the  chemical  laboratory  of  the  university. 
Art.  58.  The  "  Major"  is  divided  into  a  practical  (including  a  written), 
.and  an  oral  examination. 
The  practical  GonaiatH  of:  (1)  Two  chemico-pharmaceutical  preparations 
and  a  written  report  upon  these;  (2j  a  qualitative  analysis  of  an  adulter- 
ated substance  (medicine  or  food),  or  of  one  imi^regnated  with  poison,  and 
a  written  report  upon  it;  (3)  a  qualitative  analysis  of  a  mixture  which 
ordinarily  does  not  contain  more  than  six  substances  (with  written  report), 
(4)  a  quantitative  analysis  of  one  substance  in  a  mixture  (volumetric  and 
gravimetric  analysis,  with  written  report) ;  (5)  a  inicroscopical  research  of 
some  substances ;  (6)  a  written  elaboration  of  a  subject,  taken  from  i)har- 
jnacy,  materia  medica,  or  applied  chemistry. 
Art.  59.  T'/ie  om^i;ari{  of  the  "  Major  "  embraces :  (1)  Botany;  (2)  i)hy- 
sics;  (3)  mineralogy;  (4)  theoretical  chemistry;  (5)  phannaceutical  cheni- 
'  Z",  e.,  July. 
