634  Pharmaceutical  Colleges  and  Associations.  { ^"'i£."'^i88r™ 
Dr.  Lautenbach  delivered  a  lecture  [upon  the  various  theories  advanced 
in  explanation  of  the  cause  of  disease,  and  more  particularly  upon  the 
influence  of  germs  of  various  kinds  upon  vegetable  and  animal  life. 
After  recitations  by  Mrs,  L.  Pearce,  teacher  of  elocution,  and  Mr.  Fink, 
a  number  of  pharmaceutical  specimens  were  examined  and  the  meeting 
then  adjourned. 
The  CatjIfornia  College  of  Pharmacy  held  its  commencement 
exercises  at  the  Metropolitan  Temple,  San  Francisco,  on  the  evening  of 
IsTovember  1st.  After  addresses  by  Mr.  John  Calvert,  President  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees,  and  by  Gen.  W.  H.  Barnes,  the  President  of  the  University  of 
California,  Professor  W.  T.  Reid  conferred  the  degree  of  Graduate  in  Phar- 
macy upon  the  following  candidates  :  Robert  L.  Ball,  Chas.  L.  Barrington, 
Joseph  Calegaris,  Eugene  D'Artenay,  Franklin  T.  Green,  Emile  Happers- 
berger,  Russel  H.  Judson,  Jas.  W.  Tryon,  David  Wight,  Wilfred  M. 
Young.  The  first  prize,  a  gold  medal,  was  awarded  to  E.  Happersberger, 
and  the  second  prize,  books  of  the  value  of  |20,  to  R.  L.  Ball ;  H.  Korper,  a 
junior  student,  received  the  junior  prize,  consisting  of  a  ticket  for  the 
second  course,  $50  in  value  ;  valedictory  addresses  were  delivered  by  Pro- 
fessor Searby  and  by  R.  L.  Ball,  Ph.G. 
Pharmaceutical  Society  of  Great  Britain.  At  the  Pharmaceuti- 
cal meeting  held  November  1st  the  President,  Mr.  Michael  Cartel ghe,  in  the 
chair,  a  paper  by  Dr.  Thresh  on  the  07^ chard  Alum  Spring  was  read.  The 
spring  originates  in  a  disused  coal  mine  near  the  summit  of  Axe  Edge,  the 
highest  point  in  the  Peak  country,  and  derives  its  name  from  the  strongly 
astringent  taste  of  the  water,  and  from  the  farm  on  the  hillside,  a  bleak  and 
desolate  spot  known  as  the  orchard.  The  country  people  use  the  water  as 
a  vermifuge,  and  externally  for  the  cure  of  ring-worm.  Dr.  Thresh  found 
its  specific  gravity  to  be  1*00851  and  a  gallon  of  it  to  contain  298'809  grains 
of  solid  constituents,  namely  :  Fe23SOi  174-426  gr.,  Fe203  6-275  gr.,  Al^SSO^ 
72-908  gr.,  MgSO^  21*055  gr.,  CaSO^  14-381  gr.,  FeSO,  1-596  gr.,  SiO.,  5-776  gr., 
and  minute  quantities  of  aluminium  phosphate,  sodium  and  potassium  sul- 
phates, potassium  nitrate  and  chlorides  of  potassium  and  ammonium. 
Mr.  (J.  Patrouillard  had  sent  a  i^aper  on  the  reducing  action  of  oxalic 
acid  upon  alkaline  arseniates^  in  which  he  acknowledged  the  correctness 
of  Naylor  and  Braithwaite's  observation  (see  "Am.  Jour.  Phar."',  1882,  j^,  533) 
that  free  arsenic  acid  is  not  affected,  but  maintained  that  arseniates  boiled 
with  oxalic  acid  or  ammonium  oxalate  were  thus  reduced.  Mr.  Naylor 
referred  to  the  effect  produced  by  sulphuretted  hydrogen  and  sulphydrate 
of  ammonia  upon  arsenic  acid  at  different  temperatures,  and  promised 
further  investigations  into  the  conditions  jDointed  out  by  Mr.  Patrouillard. 
Mr.  J.  Bland  read  a  paper  on  Tinctura  Gamphorm  Composita  (Tinct. 
Opi  camph.),  directing  attention  to  the  greater  solubility  in  23roof  spirit  of 
the  oil  of  Pimpinella  Anisum  than  of  the  oil  of  staranise.  In  the  discussion 
the  varying  congealing  points  of  the  two  oils  were  alluded  to,  and,  by 
Mr.  Allen,  the  effect  of  decreased  temperature,  which  caused  the  separation 
of  the  iridescent  scales. 
