t 
Am.Jour  Pharm.)  Modeni  Pharmaceiittcal  Studv.  423 
August,  1882.    j  ^ 
in  the  iiniveryitieB  ;^  here  I  shall  comnuinieate  that  part  of  the  law  only 
which  especially  reg:ards  pharmacy. 
The  Royal  Decree  of  the  thirteenth  of  August^  1880. 
Secondary  instruction  ("  Begunda  ensenanza"). 
Article  11. — The  normal  distriV)ution  of  the  studies  is  the  following : 
First  class,  Latin  and  Spanish  (first  course),  geography.  Second  class, 
Latin  and  Spanish  (second  course),  history  of  Spain.  Third  class,  rhetoric 
and  poetry,  arithmetic  and  algebra,  universal  history.  French  (first 
course).  Fourth  class,  psychology,  logic  and  moral  philosophy,  geometry 
and  trigonometry.  French  (second  course).  Fifth  class,  physics  and  chem- 
istry, natural  history  and  the  elements  of  physiology  and  hygiene,  elemen- 
tary agriculture  ("  Agricultura  elemental "). 
Article  36. — Relates  to  the  Faculty  of  Mathematics  and  natural  sciences. 
Article  48. — Concerns  the  Faculty  of  Medicine. 
Article  49.— The  Faculty  of  Pharmacy  ("  Facultad  de  farmacia  "). 
The  studies  w^ith  this  faculty  can  be  made  at  the  universities  in  Madrid, 
Barcelona,  Granada  and  Santiago. 
Articles  50  and  54. — The  lectures  of  this  faculty  are  arranged  in  the  fol- 
lowing way : 
A.  The  period  of  licentiate  {'^  Fenodo  de  la  licenciatura  "  )•  First  class, 
physics,  zoology,  botany,  mineralogy  and  theoretical  chemistry  (these  lec- 
tures are  held  by  the  Faculty  of  Mathematics  and  Natural  Sciences). 
Second  class,  "animal,  botanical  and  mineralogical  materia  medica.  Third 
class,  inorganic  pharmaceutical  chemistry.  Fourth  class,  organic  phai-ma- 
ceutical  chemistry.  Fifth  class,  practical  exercises  in  the  determination  of 
drugs.    Practical  pharmaceutical  operations. 
B.  The  period  of  doctorate  ("  Periodo  del  doctorando  ").  Chemico-medi- 
cal  analyses.    The  history  of  the  medico-pharmaceutical  sciences. 
By  this,  one  will  see  that  the  new  plan  resembles  much  the  old  arrange- 
ment, except  that  the  two  practical  years  are  now^  confined  to  one  year 
(i  e.,  the  fifth  class).  Before  the  young  man  commences  his  five  years  of 
study  at  the  university  he  must  be  a  "  bachiller,"  i.  e.,  have  passed  all  the 
secondary  instruction  which  is  mentioned  in  Article  11  of  the  law.  Then 
he  follows  the  lectures  at  the  university  during  four  years  as  an  "  alumno 
de  farmacia,"  and  in  the  fifth  year  he  is  practically  educated.  Now  he 
passes  his  "  Major,"  and  is  then  a  "  licenciado  de  farmacia,"  and  can  estab- 
lish himself  as  a  pharmacist  ("  farmacoutico,"  or  "  boticario  ")  where  he 
will ;  he  must  only  announce  this  to  the  government,  and  submit  to  the 
annual  "  visitations  "  of  the  i3harniacies.  If  he  wishes  to  make  some  fur- 
ther studies,  he  can  become  a  doctor  in  pharmacy.  It  is  very  interesting  to 
see  how  nuich  this  arrangement  resembles  the  corresi)onding  examinations 
in  Italy  and  (Ireece. 
Th(!  history  of  i)harmacy  in  this  country  resembles  very  much  that  of 
Spain,  but  the  l*ortuguese  pharmacy  seems  always  to  have  been  a  little  less 
develoi)ed  than  this  science  in  a  neighboring  country.  My  information  on 
pharmaceutical  education  in  Portugal  I  have  obtained  from  reliable  sources, 
1  This  decree  is  puiiiished  in  "  La  tannucia  espanola,"  Num.  wr-,  (2(i  de  Aj^osto),  1K8(>. 
