^UlltllL.^.  i    August,  1882. 
throui,^!  the  Danish  Consiil-General  in  Lisbon,  Mr.  F.  T.  O'Neill.  The 
plan  of  education  is  rather  old  (1854)  and  differs  from  the  Spanish,  but  as  a 
reform  has  lately  been  made  in  a  neighboring  country  it  is  to  be  believed 
that  an  improvement  Avill  also  soon  aj^pear  in  Portugal.  I  shall,  therefore, 
give  only  some  short  remarks  here,  more  for  reason  of  completeness  than 
because  they  are  very  interesting  or  instructive. 
The  most  imi)ortant  laws,  regarding  pharmacy,  are  the  decrees  of  Decem- 
ber 29,  1836  (concerning  the  establishment  of  pharmaceutical  schools) ; 
December  21,  1844  (concerning  matriculation  of  pharmaceutical  students); 
AugKst  12,  1854  (concerning  the  demands  at  examinations) ;  and  April  19, 
1866  (concerning  the  requirements  at  the  examinations  of  pharmacists  of 
the  second  class). 
To  become  a  jDharmacist,  it  is  not  always  demanded  (as  in  Spain)  that  the 
apprentice  shall  have  passed  the  examination  which  gives  him  the  right  to 
follow  all  the  lectures  at  the  university.  The  appentices  ("  os  praticantes," 
or  "  OS  discipulos  de  pharmacia  ")  must  only,  before  they  present  themselves 
for  the  "  Major,"  have  j)assed  a  certain  number  of  the  classes  in  the  classical 
school  ("  OS  lyceos  ")  and  have  finished  their  practical  education. 
There  are  two  classes  of  i^harmacists. 
Of  the  pharmacists  of  the  second  class  ("os  pharmaceuticos  de  segunda 
classe")  is  demanded  a  i)ractical  education  of  eight  (!)  years  in  one  of  the 
pharmacies  of  the  kingdom  (  "oito^  annos  de  pratica  em 
qualquer  pharmacia  do  reino  "  .  .  .  .  )  in  addition  to  a  study  of  three 
years  in  three  classical  schools.  The  studies  for  the  last  examination  are 
made  at  the  polytechnical  schools.  It  is  expressly  said  that  the  pharma* 
cists  of  the  second  class  do  not  follow  the  lectures  at  the  medico-pharma- 
ceutical schools,  which  institutes  are  to  be  found  in  Coimbra,  Lisbon  and 
Oporto. 
The pharmaGists  of  the  first  class  ("os  pharmaceuticos  de  prima  classe") 
must,  on  the  contrary,  have  passed  the  whole  classical  school.  They  also 
pass  a  course  of  two  years  at  the  polytechnical  and  medico-pharmaceutical 
schools.  In  the  iDolytechnical  schools  they  learn  inorganic  and  organic 
chemistry,  chemical  analysis  and  botany;  in  the  medico-pharmaceutical 
schools,  materia  medica  and  practical  and  theoretical  pharmacy. 
After  having  passed  the  examination,  the  i)harmacist  can  establish  him- 
self when  and  where  he  will.  The  pharmacists  of  the  sedond  class  are 
much  more  numerous  than  those  of  the  first  class. 
(To  be  continued.) 
VARIETIES. 
CoMP.  Iodoform  Ointment  is  made  by  Dr.  Q.  C.  Smith  by  mixing 
iodoform,  ergotin,  pine  tar  and  balsam  Peru,  of  each  ^i,  with  vaseline  31. 
—South.  Pract.  April,  1882, 
iThis  number  is  found  several  times  in  the  Portuguese  communications,  and  can 
thus  be  no  mistake.— H.  J.  M. 
