470 
Modern  Phcmmtceuiical  Study. 
j  Am.  Jour.  Pharm^ 
1      Sept.,  1882. 
the  science  and  for  the  great  number  of  students.^  A  tine  new  building 
has  tlierefore  been  erected  on  ground  whicli  formerly  was  a  part  of  the 
Jardin  du  Luxembourg.  This  new  school,  on  the  corner  of  the  Avenue 
de  I'Observatoire  and  Rue  Michelet,  is  by  far  the  largest  pharmaceutical 
institute  in  the  world,  and  will  cost  between  four  and  five  millions  of  francs. 
The  two  ampliitheatres,  where  the  lectures  are  to  be  held,  can  each  contain 
five  hundred  auditors,  and  the  large  building,  where  the  laboratories  are 
collected  in  three  stories,  is  about  250  paces  long;  all  the  other  parts  of  the 
school  being  in  proportion  to  these  rooms,  it  is  easy  to  get  an  idea  of  the 
large  scale  on  whicli  this  school  is  built.  A  small  part  of  the  new  school 
is  already  used,  but  the  whole  institute  will  not  be  finished  before  the 
spring  1881. 
Besides  these  three  "  Ecoles  superieures  de  phariiiacie "  in  Paris, 
Montpellier  and  Nancy,  France  has  also  three  so-called  "  Facultes  mixtes 
de  mMecine  et  de  pharmacie"  in  Lille,  Lyons  and  Bordeaux.  These  six 
schools  are  higher  than  the  preparatory  pharmaceutical  schools  ("  les  ecoles 
preparatoires  de  medeciiie  et  de  pharmacie"),  which  are  again  divided 
into  "  Ecoles  de  plein  exercice  de  mMecine  et  de  pharmacie  "  (in  Marseille 
and  Nantes)  and  "  Ecoles  preparatoires  secondaires."  At  the  present  time 
one  of  the  last-mentioned  schools  is  found  in  each  of  the  following  sixteen 
cities:  Alger,  Amiens,  Angers,  Arras,  Besan 9011,  Caen,  Clermont,  Dijon, 
Grenoble,  Limoges,  Poitiers,  Reims,  Rennes,  Rouen,  Toulouse  and  Tours. 
There  are  two  classes  of  pharmacists  in  France,  but  according  to  a  decree 
of  August  31,  1878,  there  is  no  other  difference  between  the  education  of 
"  les  pharmaciens  de  premiere  classe  "  and  "  les  pharmaciens  de  seconde 
classe,"  than  that  the  first  must  be  "  bacheliers,"  i.  e.,  have  passed  the 
whole  classical  school,  while  the  second  need  only  to  have  passed  "  la  classe 
de  quatri6me."  ^  There  is  in  addition  a  higher  diploma  for  the  pharmacists 
of  the  first  class.  This  diploma  is  called  "  le  diplonie  superieur  de  pharma- 
cien  de  premiere  classe,"  and  gives  the  right  to  compete  for  the  professor- 
ships in  the  pharmaceutical  sciences  at  the  "  Facultes  mixtes  de  medeciiie 
et  de  pharmacie." 
According  to  the  "decret"^  du  12  Juillet,  1878,  relatif  aux  conditions  a 
remplir  pour  obtenir  le  diplome  de  pharmacieii  de  premiere  classe,"  which, 
as  above  mentioned,  is  now  also  applicable  to  the  pharmacists  of  the  second 
iThere  are  now  nearly  six  hundred  pharmaceutical  students  at  the  Paris  school. 
■-According  to  the  "  decret  "  and  the  "  arrete  "  of  June  19, 1880,  and  the  "  arrete  "  of  August 
2, 1880,  the  Fi'ench  classical  schools  ["  les  lycees  "J  consist  of  the  following  classes  : — 
Divisio7i  elementaire:  (1)  Classe  preparatoire ;  (2)  Classe  de  huitieme  [the  lowest  age  of 
the  scliolar  is  nine  years] ;  (3)  Classe  de  septieme  [ten  yeai-s]. 
Division  de  grammaire :  (4)  Classe  de  sixieme  [eleven  years.  Here  the  pupil  commences 
to  learn  Latin,  ten  hours  a  week];  (5)  Classe  de  cinquieme  [twelve  years;  ten  hours  of 
Latin  a  week;  (6)  Classe  de  quatriane  [thirteen  years  ;  six  hours  of  Latin  and  six  hours 
of  Greek  a  week.  It  is  the  final  examination  of  this  class  whicli  is  demanded  in  order  to 
be  a  pharmacist  of  the  second  class]. 
Division  superieure:  (7)  Classe  de  troisieme  [fourteen  years];  (8)  Classe  de  seconde 
[fifteen  years];  (9)  Classe  de  rhetorique,  Classe  de  philosophie  [sixteen  years]. 
It  is  the  final  examination  of  this  last  class  which  is  demanded  in  order  to  be  a 
pharmacistof  the  first  class,  and  it  gives  the  right  to  the  titles  of  respectively  "bachelier, 
es  lettres"  or  "  bachelier  es  sciences." 
3As  published  in  Journal  Ofllciel,  July  20, 1878. 
