618  The  History  of  Citrine  Ointment.  {^"^iT^^^r^ 
Cobalt  and  Nickel  Salts. — The  sulphates,  nitrates,  and  chlorides  are 
but  slowly  attacked.  The  protoxides,  on  the  other  hand,  are  easily 
converted  into  peroxides. 
Lead  Salts. — All  the  basic  salts  give  lead  peroxide,  as  do  many  of 
the  neutral  salts;  the  chloride,  nitrate,  oxalate,  and  phosphate,  how- 
ever, are  but  very  slowly  acted  on.  Lead  oxide  is  also  changed  into 
peroxide  by  ozone,  in  presence  of  potassium  hydroxide,  it  gives  potas- 
sium plumbate. 
Manganese  Salts. — All  the  manganese  salts,  in  moderately  concen- 
trated solution,  give  a  brown  or  black  precipitate,  consisting  of  the 
hydrated  dioxide  if  the  ozone  is  in  excess,  and  of  a  lower  oxide  if  it  is 
not.  In  the  former  case  a  violet  solution,  containing  permanganic 
acid  is  frequently  produced.  If  excess  of  ozone  acts  on  a  very  dilute 
solution  of  a  manganous  salt  (in  30,000  to  60,000  of  w^ater),  a  browm 
dicroic  solution  is  obtained,  which  slowly  decomposes  after  a  time, 
depositing  a  rusty  brown  precipitate,  and  leaving  permanganic  acid  in 
solution. 
Chromic  Salts. — The  sulphate,  chloride,  and  oxide  all  yield  chromic 
acid.    If  ether  is  present,  perchromic  acid  is  formed. 
Bismuh  oxide  gives  bismuthic  acid,  and  in  presence  of  potassium 
hydroxide  potassium  bimuthate. 
Iron  sesquinoxide  is  not  acted  on  by  ozone,  but  in  presence  of  potas- 
sium hydroxide  it  yields  potassium  ferrate.— Joitr.  Chem.  Soc,  Nov., 
1882;  from  Compt.  Rend.,  94,  850-863. 
THE  HISTORY  OF  CITEINE  OINTMENT. 
By  R.  a.  Cripps. 
BeU  Scholar  in  the  School  of  Pharmacy  oftlie  Pharmaceutical  Society. 
Paper  read  before  the  School  of  Pharmacy  Students'  Association,  June 
22,  1882. 
A  short  time  ago  I  was  asked  by  Professor  Attfield  to  reply  to  some 
queries  which  had  been  put  to  him  by  Mr.  Adolph  G.  Vogeler,  of 
Chicago,  respecting  citrine  ointment.  I  gladly  undertook  the  work, 
and  the  outcome  is  the  present  paper.  Mr.  Vogeler  concurs  in  my 
wish  to  read  it  before  this  Association. 
The  preparation  known  as  citrine  ointment  has  from  time  to  time 
been  prepared  from  numerous  and  widely-differing  formulae. 
The  first  notice  of  it  is  found  in  the  London  Pharmacopoeia  of  1650, 
